Notes on this transcription: August/September 2002.

This rendition has been transcribed from a photocopy of the original manuscript as supplied by the Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

The manuscript has many corrections, insertions, additions, crossings out, and underlines, and uses extremely long sentences and paragraphs. In transcribing it I have attempted to keep everything that Harrison wrote, and to position it in the order sequence that he intended. I have maintained his spelling, and Capitalisation, and attempted to discover and indicate which parts of the text he intended as footnotes and margin notes. In some cases it has not been clear exactly where certain passages were intended to appear, and there seem to be a few missing interlines, which are referred to in the manuscript. They may have been written on loose sheets which have become separated from the manuscript. I have included these references and inserted notes at the appropriate points in the text, where I have found difficulty in interpreting Harrison's intentions.

 

The body of the manuscript consists:

Preface - six sheets (Preface first page  + II to VI)

Body of Book - 170 pages - Title and first sheet + 169 others which Harrison numbered in sequence from 2 to  170;

[Pages 142 to 170 are corrections, additions and amendments)

Corrections and amendments - Seven unnumbered pages of corrections.

One sheet of a receipt from the 1922 for 5/5/-, presumably for the sale of the manuscript.

 

 

To enable readers to more easily find subjects in the text, which would otherwise be continuous,

I have concluded that there four main subjects; and have labelled them accordingly as:

 

1) The logic and specifications of Tuning from Pi.

2) The shortcomings of Integer derived tuning systems.

3) Church Services, Psalms, Parsons, and Choirs

4) The Tuning of Bells using "Radical Numbers".

 

 

A true and full Account of the Foundation of Musick,

 or ,

as principally therein, of the Existense of the Natural Notes of Melody:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wherein is shown the Absurdity of such imaginary stuff as was first crowded into the Scale of Musick by the Ancients, and has still been retained therein by our more modern Writers, in order to make the matter seem more Reasonable or Philosophical, whenas in reality it is even as hence, or would be as thence, bereaved of all such Ornament, and as, when at the same time, its Foundation or basis as in another Sense tho' secret, is most strictly true or perfect in itself; and therefore, as being otherwise therefrom not only to a much higher degree than what we should think. or have thought to have been Mathematically Beautiful, or even as otherwise so Perfection itself, consequently, it can have nothing to do with any such Arbitrary Conjectures:

And herein are also, very necessary Observations exhibited and as with Instructions about the highest, the most Important, or the most Undeniable life of the Subject:

 

 

Where Does This Go???? --Start.

To the Book cover at the latter end of the book at E, the interline following.

 

E or as in other words, and as still implying amongst us, so much reason as when He desir'd that Labourers might be sent into His Vineyard, or Reapers to the Harvest, or as when St. Paul fought (as it were) with beasts at Ephesus &c. but certainly, as now otherwise, and even for the same Reason [I am far from saying in Opposition thereto] we ought for the better to make the Praising of God, and that according to David's way, the more or farther to shine; so therefore, was it to so be said that Christ taught Parsons [or Bishops] by Preaching to stifle the Psalms, viz. by not affording them their due, or as by

 

Cx on the Book cover.

c [not but that the parson might do it as he pleas'd, and could do it well, but I have not heard or seen a Clark likely so to do it in London was the Parson to permit it, but I say when so] and to be jointly

x [for the pride of the Parson]

 

Written in the left margin vertically and crossed out;

b nay, from late Experience my son has found that Forks can be apply'd even with greater success to the Tuning of A Harpsichord or Spinet than the Monochord i.e. with much more ease, and to greater exactness than the said Monochord itself by which they are Tuned, fine Mediators indeed! but in that point they have not yet been experienced as with respect to the Tuning of

 

At A on the Book cover.

Where Does This Go???? --End.

 

 

As Experimented and Illustrated by John Harrison, Inventor and maker of the Time-Keeper for the Longitude at Sea :

and who was for several years, Parish Clark [or Clark of the Psalmody] at Barrow near Barton upon Humber, in the county of Lincoln.

 

 

 

A true and full Account of the Foundation of Musick, or ,

as principally therein, of the Existense of the Natural Notes of Melody:

 

The Preface

 

The subject matter, or Foundation of Musick, as contained in the fore-end of this Book, comes to light in the World through my becoming acquainted with Mr. Benjamin Darlin of Hull, who was a very able Mathematician but no Musician, nor, as it happened, and that as in consequence much for the better, had he ever had any the least occasion to consider about, or at all to reflect upon what is called Theory, as touching any Ground-work concerning the Thing.

 

Now, It was upon occasion of my going to Hull [as desir'd] to try [as with respect to Tune] two Peals of bells which they had got cast, that thereby got acquainted with the above mentioned Gentleman, and to whom I communicated the Foundation of their Division, or imperfect Scale of Musick which was then upon the Monochord I had along with me, as was also [by fretts] upon my Viol which I had at Home;  The place of my abode being then near to that Town, viz. at Barrow in Lincolnshire, across the River Humber opposite thereto.  now that said Foundation [as from as it were Arbitrary Experiments, without any help] was upon the major 3rd being taken a little flat, but 'twas not so much as 1/20 Comma; and the whole or result of which, in the Logarithm way, I then communicated to him, but told him. as also the Organist, that it had never given me right content, in that my Viol would not afford a Tune to true and fine is a good Voice could sing it, but, as notwithstanding, I told 'em it was the best Division that I could, and with the greatest truth of Strings possible acquire from Experience, i.e. the best Division of the Octave that I, as by the means of playing a few Country Tunes could ascertain, as when under that Condition of truth in the strings, viz. by, or from thence altering or varying the Calculation for the placing of the fretts accordingly as when, or as I had then, at any time judg'd or imagin'd faults to lye, I say from thence, and as when at last from my acquiring, or resting upon the Ground of the Major 3rd, being taken almost 1/20 Comma flat [or as from my making that the ground] that I thought I had got the Division of the Octave as good as it was possible ever at all to be, having, as it is to be understood, a strong confinement upon me from Theory, viz. according to the common way of proceeding as of old; but now, as I had told Mr. Darlin that my Division had never pleas'd me right, he in a few days after [in as small a Compass as I had given mine to him] sent me the result of the Circumference and Diameter of a Circle seeing that that was not, as he thought, a great deal different from what I had communicated to him; now he sent this in order for me to try whether it would do better than mine or not, and withal that I might see how near I had come then to not thinking anything about it; or at all considering it in that light, he did not tell me, nor could he give me any the least assurance according as Dr. Smith relates in his Preface, that it would be better, nor as it seemed contradictory  (as already intimated) to my reason in making the Major 3rd, as also, and as I thought farther to be regarded the 5th flatter than mine, did I think it would, and afterwards shew'd Mr. Darlin that reason;  so I say as it was contradictory to my reason, or to such reasons as was ingrained in me from false Notions, or Prejudice of Theory, it laid by me for several Years, or as untill I had been some years in London, [for it is to be understood, that for some years after Mr. Darlin had sent me his bit of paper, as I was then otherwise engag'd had but seldom time to play] but at last upon (as it were accidentally} discovering that my major 6th was excessively too sharp, or was as thence no 6th at all, as being quite out of its Bounds or beyond such Latitude as I found it would only admit of, for [after which Discovery] by trying farther, or more strictly I found, that if the said major 6th was but 3/20 Comma too sharp [viz. as with respect to what is styl'd perfect] it would be good for nothing, as likewise the same, or but scare discernibly better, as with respect to flatness in its complement to the Octave the Minor 3rd, I say I did not juge that it would be so in the Major 6th, according to Dr. Smith's Preface, but I tried and found it so, and it is moreover to be observ'd, as still contrary to Dr. Smith, that it could be no judging or trial, as pertaining to Mr. Huygen's Division, the which I had then never heard of, and the which was afterwards [viz. after Mr.Graham had told me of it] so plain from its badness as not to need any trying, but was, as on the other hand from such Experiments, consequently bad, as were on my behalf truly genuine, Nay, And I am now further sure viz. from my strict Experiments than what I was able to make at that time the same Experiments as touching the truth, are much more to be regarded or depended on, than what, upon this subject can otherwise be demonstrated from the power of any theory whatever, nay as touching the matter, such Experiments are indeed only to be rely'd on. and from thence [viz. from my Experiments} I took occasion to try what Mr. darlin had sent me so long before, and the which to my great surprise produc'd the truth of the matter, or was the very Thing wanting;

 

For it is to be understood, that if any one Chord or Interval be not exactly what it ought to be, the whole Scale or Division must as thereby be rendered false or thrown out of order, but meaning principally as with respect to the natural Steps of melody; but in consequence thereof, as I shall shew, and tho' it may be in some measure contradictory to our reasoning, yet if otherwise it must then be thrown or varied from what must withal produce (as Providence or Nature has ordered the Matter) the most Lofty, or the most elegant degrees of Harmony.

 

 Now after I had fully satisfy'd myself of the fact, I wrote to my brother to desire him to acquaint Mr. Darlin therewith, as also to know whether he did it of himself (as I have good reason to think he did) or whether he took the hint from any Book, but the Answer came that Mr Darlin was dead; and along with which my Brother sent me [still in the Logarithm way] another Division of the Octave [viz. as founded upon the Major 3rd being taken Perfect] the which Mr. Darlin had afterwards communicated to Mr Norwood of Hull, and the which I still have by me: bit as this was some years after my first communicating the subject to mr. Darlin, he might perhaps, by some means or other, as in that Interim have heard of Dr. Smith's Foundation and Division thereupon built. from whence it is more plain that Mr. Darlin had no assurance of either of them being what was wanted to be. nor even whether the one or the other of 'em, or any other whatever could be any better than what I at first had communicated to him [contrary to Dr. Smith's relation of the Matter] but still, 'tis nevertheless to his commendation to be remembered, that Mr. Darlin was a very ingenious worthy Man.

 

And now to conclude my preface, As I have spoken [in this Book] of the chief use or most undoubted Design of Musick, as subsequent to such its Administration as I have shewn or treated of, as from its Scale or secret Foundation, and tho' in this point of the Matter, viz. its chief use not perhaps so perfectly or properly as might in consequence from the same its surprizing Foundation have ensu'd by some other more able pen, yet still, or as notwithstanding, I hope my Labours therein, or as taken in the whole, may prove to some acceptable.

 

 

 

 

Of the Ground-work or Existence of the Natural Notes of Melody &c.

 

I have found from strict Experiments, as with suitable preparations or Apparatuses to the Purpose, that the natural Notes of Melody are certainly free from all the inconsistent nonsense arising from the Imagination of there being a Tone Major of 9 to 8, a Tone Minor of 10 to 9, and a nonsensical Comma (as being their difference) of 81 to 80, they being things according to my Experience, which Nature ever despised, yet always seemed to have their room wherein to create controversy, or inconsistency about the Scale of Musick; I say, as free from these &c. they [the said Notes] are, as I found on the contrary in a regular scale, consequently in such a one as cannot then, or upon the same account be said to a tempermental scale, but on the other hand a truly Melodious One, it being only the Notions of men, from false conjectures of old (as shewn in this Book) that imagined it a temperamental, in their adhering to Harmony as their Principal, and not as Melody; whereas on the contrary, melody ought certainly to have been, nay must certainly be the Motive, for even most of the Country Plow-men and Milk-maids can naturally sing a Tune [or do naturally sing Tunes]  one ought not as therein to be contradicted, may rather [as touching the Scale] will not, or cannot as therein suffer to be obtruded upon -- by any Instrument or its Tuning, since (as already advanced) they, as well as any other fine, or all finer singers whatever do naturally sing in Tune, i.e. without any consideration, or idle thoughts in them about a Temperament; consequently a beginning with Harmony [as touching any Treatise of Musick] must be to begin at the wrong end of the work; and therefore, as granting melody so be the Principal, it ought most chiefly, nay I may say entirely as on the other hand to have been [by proper Methods or Experiments] examined to what degree or perfection Harmony might as thence be, or rather as thence was derived; for even without taking any farther notice of the inconsistency which would arise from such Tones major and Minor as have been imagined, the following, tho' short succession of 3rds and 4ths must be sufficient to show the absurdity of the Thing, for such perfect Intervals [viz. as falsely so styled] never was, nor can be used in any Melody whatever, because [and even without Notifying such unpleasantness as would consequently be heard in sounding the succession in such a Monstrous manner once over; the which could not once be done by the Voice, tho' always thought the contrary, neither upon any Instruments any more than once, viz. without, as in going on, a second Preparation both of Strings and Tuning for a second time &c.] because I say the Pitch, in, or after each time would be varied or flattened what has been called a Comma, the three descending 3rds being bigger by that quantity than the two ascending 4ths [the which in Nature cannot be], so in consequence of which, as with regard to Melody [the Voice, or as I may the Voice of Nature was adhering to, or admitting of these sorts of Mathematical 3rds and 4ths &c.] some other intervals therefore more truly perfect [or to a secret Perfection] are always used by the voice, I do not mean only in this succession (here below) but in all others for it is certain, that the same 3rds and 4ths which are used here, both must and will according to nature be used in all successions whatever, as it is certain that they are not, or can not be such Mathematical ones as intimated above; see the Notes or Proof of the Matter as followeth; where in the fifth place let a certain Pitch be given for the Note C, then for easiness or perspicuity, instead of working with the Ratios themselves take their Logarithms as in manner below,

 

That of the 4th      ------------,  12494

That of the Sharp or Major 3rd  -,  09691

That of the Flat, or Minor 3rd --,  07918

 

The Pitch                        C F D G E C

 

or                  

The Pitch                       C F D G E C

 

Now, these examples are only as instances, but the notes are to be imagined as taken upon the proper key.

 

 

 

++++++++++++

 

Lucy comments: This must be the log values for the small integer ratios of the intervals which he mentioned earlier

12494 is the log of 3:4 - The just or Pythagorean Fourth

(498.045 cents) (e.g. C to F) i.e. (2L+s)

 

09691 is the log of 4:5 - The just major third (5th harmonic) (407.820 cents) (e.g. C to E) i.e. (3L+s)

 

07918 is the log of 5:6 - The just minor third

(315.641 cents) (e.g. D to F) i.e. (L+s)

 

++++++++++++

 

 

Hence F,  as here so be supposed

the first Note, would be above        ,12494

the pitch [as such a 4th] viz.

                                              Subtract

And D as such as Flat 3rd

descending from F ------              ,07918

 

                                      ________

 

The quantity or space there

fore that D would be above the        ,04576

Pitch --------------------

                                              Add

 

G a 4th ascending from D  ---         ,12494

                                     _________

 

Therefore the Quantity that

G would be above the Pitch            ,17070

would be -----------------

 

                                             Subtract

The the descent of a Flat

3rd from G to E ------------          ,07918

                                     _________

Hence the quantity that E

would be above the Pitch ---          ,09152

 

                                             Subtract

And then as lastly, the descent

of a Sharp 3rd from E                

must or would [ according to the

absurdity of these ratios] go lower

than the Pitch, -- as first given to C,

 the log of which being ------        ,09691

                                    __________

 

So hence the whole, the Pitch

would be flattened the feigned

non-musical Comma [viz. the Ratio

of 80 to 81] the log of which being   ,00539

 

So, as hence in the whole [viz. as in the once going over with these notes in succession] the Pitch would thus be flattened a Comma, or would be so much sharpened in the same Notes in succession be so varied as the 3rds.

 

++++++++++++

 

Lucy notes.

Harrison demonstrates the comma (used in just Intonation) mathematically using logs and shows how if we assume:

A IVth is     4:3

IIIrd  is     5:4

and bIIIrd is 6:5

 

Ascending by IVth  (C to F)  = * (4/3)

Descending by bIIIrd (F to D)= / (6/5)

Ascending by IVth   (D to G) = * (4.3)

Descending by bIIIrd (G to E)= / (6/5)

Descending by IIIrd  (E to C)= / (5/4)

 

Would be expected to arrive at the same pitch for C,

Yet the result is that the C is flattened by a comma

(81/80)

 

This is a widely known and valid criticism of integer ratio tuning systems. i.e. the existence of the comma.

 

Any meantone tuning would overcome this problem.

 

What is unknown about Harrison's solution is why he chose pi as the basis of his meantone system, and how he can justify it.

 

++++++++++++

 

 

so ascend and the 4ths descend, as

 

   ,

 

so it must in consequence be infered that the Ratios corresponding to these logarithms can never be used fine, or perfect melody, must therefore from Voices &c. be from some other Intervals; the which others for readiness, as well as for the great exactness required in the affair [and the which as naturally arising from the Plan from whence the same results]

 

I shall illustrate by the Logarithms, viz. after I have spoken a little farther concerning the Logarithms of ratios; and in both which cases it is to be understood that such correspondent numbers are not in this affair to be looked upon only as logarithms, but as real quantities, or proportionable representations as used here above.

 

Now the log of any ratio is had by subtracting the log. of the lesser number from that of the greater. This the ratio of the 5th being as 2 to 3, so [from Table Of Logarithms] the log. of 2 subtract'd from the log of 3 gives the log or proportion for the ratio of the 5th &c. Hence the logs of the most remarkable ratios are as followeth.

 

The log. of the 5th viz.  of 2 to 3 ----,17609

The log. of the 4th ----- of 5 to 4 ----,12494

The log. of the sharp 3rd of 4 to 5 ----,09691

That of the flat 3rd      of 5 to 6 ----,07918

That of the sharp 6th     of 3 to 5 ----,22185

That of the flat 6th      of 5 to 8 ----,20412

 

Now the logarithms or numbers must indeed be looked upon, as if to be the very substance of the matter yet as notwithstanding without their proper seasonings respectively as hereafter, are as already intimated, they are or can be nothing there not being, as is in the first place already shewn, a proper field for their admittance or reception neither of these was, could it be any better, as will fairly appear from this plain treatise, but on the contrary much worse; but from strict experience I have found the logarithms as hereafter, not only, as with the greatest strictness to be the logarithms or exact quantities of the intervals of melody or true steps of tune, the most principal thing to be notified, but withal, as at the same time, and the which is very astonishing, in that to the very completion of the matter when an instrument is tuned exactly to them, I say exactly, without nay the least deviation flatter or sharper in each or every note respectively, as can only be verified by means of a curious monochord divided therefrom and with its string drawn to such a degree of accuracy as truly to correspond therewith, For it is to be understood that the common drawing of Wire for Musical Instruments will not produce a String for this Purpose. I say, I then as farther found  'ere to afford the consonances of harmony much more lively, bright or elegant than if nature had permitted true melody &c. and in my consequence thereof, a division of the octave from the logarithms of the others as above, or, what is all one, from their corresponding chords to have been hence to proceed,

 

The Vibrations of the Octave as a Standard being 2 to 1 [or as the Ratio of 2 to 1] in which all the rest [and even as supposed may be wanted upon any occasion] must have their Portions or as it were Stations assigned; I say as so with regard to the Octave, its Logarithm or Quantity must be the difference (as shewn above) betwixt the Log. of 1 and that of 2, consequently, as the log of 1 is 0, so the Log of the Octave must remain to the Log of the Number 2, viz. ,30103: and for the making of this noble division (as I have found) viz. for the Stations of all the Intervals or Chords to be contained therein, Providence or Nature has provided, or rather has settled the Affair on such a Foundation, as whereupon from the the most accurate of Experiments [nay indeed it is only such that can be of service in the matter] no fault in the least is to be found, but, for the better, every Chord, whether as strictly in their primary sense they be to be look'd upon as intervals of melody, or secondarily as Consonances of Harmony, they are thereupon rendered to the most elevated height of Perfection; whereas on the other hand, or without such Basis, as the Matter is so very difficult, it might perhaps never have been in the power of Man to have brought the Division to the right Decision or Establishment, tho' from faulty Experiments, or even at the best from small faults in Experiments [it being a hard matter to keep from such in coming up to so nice a point, or to such nice points as is or are therein required] they might perhaps [or notwithstanding] have sometimes imagin'd that they had done the right thing [viz. to the best that's possible according to the false Conception of such imperfectness as must have been thought to have attended the same] but in that case, when [with respect to the niceness of the Matter] so uncertain, and the which in consequence would have been the Case, even from as it were invisible accidents which attend the Experiments [was no wrong thought, as concerning imperfection so have interfered] where then must have been the certainty, or any of the least ground for the Matter? but that such a Division must have remained at least as Mathematically speaking Arbitrary!  But now, as Providence or Nature has for this purpose afforded a Foundation, as mentioned in the Preface, and of which presently, we are, as I have found from Experience by a curious Monochord founded thereon [viz. by application to the Spinet] not only free'd from incertainty in the Matter, but withal as I shall show from the false Notion of Temperament [i.e. from any suffering thereby]; for tho' Experiments of this kind, as hath just been shewn, would hardly ever alone, or by means of Theory, have been sufficiently able to have established such a Division, yet I say, by means of a curious Monochord, I found sufficient cause to acquiesce in a Division resulting from what I from hence affirm to be the true Foundation of Musick, and that is (seem it ever strange or foreign to the Matter) the proportion which the Diameter of a Circle bears to its Circumference! But supposing it should be asked why it should be so? I answer I found it to be so from the most accurate Experiments that I not only think, but am sure is possible to be made;  but if that Answer be not just here, or at present satisfactory, I may also ask a Question, and that is why [upon the Spinet] the 5th as a single Consonance will from what has been called its State of Perfection, viz. as 3 to 2 will from thence I say but hardly bide two thirds of the Quantity sharpening that it will flattening? as may also be verified by the Monochord; But it must be understood that the Monochord be exactly what it ought to be, viz. true to itself in every respect, or as near as possible to a mathematical degree of exactness: and it is also to be understood, as touching a single Consonance, as of the 5th As that there is a difference to be discern'd betwixt when, as only so, to what it or any other Chord will, as at the same time be for the better in Tunes or Lessons of Musick [nay still, as therein and thereby to such betterness as declar'd above], but 'tis not thus to be observ;d as touching the Steps of Melody as hath already been shewn.  so I say, as our Reason cannot solve this, it must be debar'd from being a Judge in the Matter, and the division, which I have confirm'd from Experience must ever stand good as a compleat Structure to the purpose, viz. according to the results of the Numbers following notwithstanding whatever may [as without accurate Experiments, by a perfect Monochord] be thought to the contrary: whether the Question can be solv'd or not, or whether such a Question ought ever at all to be taken notice of or not, I am very sure the Scale of Musick as followeth; Nor but it might be allow'd that the solution of the question, of fact, would be of great Importance as with respect to Theory, was it possible that such a thing could take place in the Matter, viz. as touching the making this most truly Melodious, and as I found in my consequence of which,. altho' in some measure beyond my reach [nay even so far beyond as not to be esteem'd in a small degree.] the most truly Harmonious, or Musical Division; for in that each Interval or Chord from its respective Latitude as term'd hereafter, and as allotted by the said Division, and only as so, viz. neither more nor less in the least degree, and whether as in consequence flat or sharp, should thereby be rendered so truly good as shewn hereafter, is very astonishing; or rather in other words, that the Foundation of Musick should be upon what it really is, or whereupon I strictly found is to be, is quite stupendious, and not to be solv'd by any Mathematical reasoning or Theory whatever.

 

 

Let the octave, as above be repre-           |

sented by the logarithm of 2 and             |

let that same number be also esteemed        |  ,30103

as the circumference of a circle viz.        |

 

Then [as I am shew or verify be-             |

fore I have done] the diameter will          |  .09582 *

be the greater 3rd Viz. ------               |

 

Note, As well known, the proportion of the circumference of a Circle to the Diameter is about at 3,1416 to 1; true enough, as Mathematically speaking to this purpose, as well as to many, or most of all others, or as even to all the most useful Intents in the World; hence   As 3.1416 is to 1; so is ,30103 to ,09582.

 

And the radius

or half of which the Larger note viz         |  ,04791

 

And as thence, Five times the larger         |

note subtracted from the octave              |

will leave ,06149, so the half of            |

which must be the lesser note [since         |  .03074

five of the larger notes, and two of the     |

lesser notes exactly compleat or make        |

up the octave] Hence the lesser note is      |

 

And from these by addition and subtraction,

all the others may be found,

 

As for instance the 5th, the which con-      |

sists of three of the larger notes and one   | .17447

of the lesser --------                       |

 

The sharp 6th of four of the larger          |

notes and one of the lesser ------           | .22238

 

Note , It is to be observ'd that by larger Note I do not mean the old imaginary Tone Major, nor by the lesser that same nonsense of the old Tone Minor, such not having any being at all in the Matter; but however the same Names may be very applicable here as with respect to the truth providing they be not misunderstood to mean the fictitousness of old: But the difference of these, the real notes, the which is .01717 ought not to be termed as hath non-sensically been, viz. Hemitone Minor, or Semitone Minor, but as properly what it is, and that is a flat or a sharp, or the difference of the Notes (so for shortness Diff. or some other Term) Nature not by speaking it to be any other in its being the Complement of the lesser Note to the larger; the lesser Note having the same Authority to be call'd a whole one that the other has,  since it may as well as the other [as of which by and by] be esteem'd as a proper piece of Symmetry in the Scale of Musick, altho' its Ratio be as it were nothing, viz. 44 to 41 nearly.

 

+++++++++++++++++

Lucy Notes:

 

Here Harrison clearly lays out his methods of calculation, using logarithms

 

Number            Log            Interval

2.               .30103     Octave     VIIIth

Pi               .09582     2 Large     IIIrd

pi^(1/2)         .04791     Large        IInd

s                .03074     small       bIInd

3L+s             .17447     3L + s        Vth

4L+s             .22238     4L + s       VIth

 

Harrison compares the values of the fifth and sixth intervals to the integer ratios which he had mentioned earlier.

i.e. 3/2 log =.17609 701.955 cents for the fifth

 and 5/3 log =.22185 813.687 cents for the sixth (or as Harrison calls it the " Sharp 6th ").

 

Harrison identifies the (L-s) as the difference and explains how this is the interval which sharpens or flattens a note.

 

The 44 to 41 ratio 1.073170731707317  log = 0.03066881976645196  cents = 122.255536823056 = close to lesser note = small (s) interval.

 

+++++++++++++++++++

 

I have here as in particular notify'd the 5th and Sharp 6th, as being the Chords upon which the stress of the Bearings [as hitherto term'd] are chiefly to be taken notice of and hence as may be observe'd that the 5th as with regard to the Log of 2 to 3 is flatten'd rather more than three times as much as the Sharp 6th is sharpen'd, as with regard to the Log of .3 to 5, but notwithstanding this seemingly inequality, I found them to be equally, or truly good as with respect to the principal Matter, the Steps of Tune or Intervals of Melody, yea even as therein to a Mathematical degree of Sweetness [if so it may properly be Denominated], altho in that respect as above [or as in so high a respect] not as thence to be solv'd or reason'd for; and as farther, I likewise found 'em through these their correspondent Seasonings [ for so I think they may be properly said to be] to come up to the most elevated height of perfection, as sound the finest, or most relishing degrees of Harmony and the same to be said of all the rest; for to be many of them (the Octave to be excepted) what has been thought to be perfect [could it be so] would, and even in this secondary respect, viz. Harmony, make but dull work in comparison of these, could again, as at the same time the principal matter Melody pass unregarded; but however, as to what they then would make or produce [in other respects] is of small signification, since Nature has otherwise taken care of the Matter, by its securely debaring such the Absurdity out of the Question. *

 

 

* But however it may not be unnecessary to observe that what has been thought would be perfect, could such have been admitted, would have had (as in consequence of what has been and will be farther advanced) not only a great occasion to have been called Temperament, but even worse than Temperament, since the whole scale of Musick must thence have been thrown quite out of the course of Nature, and that as chiefly * with regard to the Principal Matter Melody; as to which even the Violin, when played well gives a very wrong Proof, there not being room for it to do otherwise, tho' misunderstood to the contrary, viz. as if upon it the Notes are, or can be taken to greater Perfection [Difference in Voice unnotify'd] than can be done upon the Spinet or Harpsichord, supposing they would stand ever so well to what they may, and as most especially by a Monochord be set [or rather, as the most conveniently, by Forks strictly tun'd thereby]; whereas it might only be from the want of more Notes or Divisions in each Octave that it can only play, or that Tunes can only thereupon be played in more different Keys, or as if may say, at more different Pitches than can be done upon these other Instruments, but not more perfect in any one than may be had from the others, no, nor as the Case is now Suppos'd [and as without notifying any close Shake or Disguise] not so perfect by far, viz. so far as according to their correspondent Divisions, or number of different sounds in the Octave; but this has nothing to do, nay rather as I may ask, what has this to do with the perfectness of any Tune? or rather, as nearer the point to be ask'd, with the perfectness of every Note in any Tune? viz. any more than upon the other Instruments as under the Circumstance here supposed, or as yet more properly speaking, to do with the real, or natural Scale of Musick? supposing that Tunes could not be played at all, viz. neither upon It nor any Thing else, the Humane Voice only to be excepted, I say what? save only for the most part [viz. after, as is to be suppos'd in these other Instruments, three or four more Keys, as are sometimes wanted as necessary Divisions in each Octave] with what great differences in Pitch you may as thereon farther have, or as perhaps you may as thence still farther be occasion'd to want, or, as in the most unnecessary Musick, may unnecessarily or rather, as nonsensically thence delight to have: And agreeable hereto, or as according to the tenor of this it has been affirm'd that no Instrument with Fretts could ever possibly come near the truth, whereas the contrary is really true, and fairly to be asserted [since there is no Temperament; no nonsensical Tones Major and Minor in true Melody the Principal, or if you please in the Principal of true Melody]; but that such Instruments may indeed do so, or come up even to the very truth, or most exquisite degree of sweetness, their Fretts, with their strings true, must be plac'd in a much different manner to what they foolishly were upon the Viols and Lutes, and now still [or again] are upon the Guitars; nay a Viol, from the great difference in the thickness of its Strings, will require some alteration in the Nut, viz. the fourth String, third String, Second and fifth Strings to be dented somewhat longer therein, but the fourth String from its thickness [as uncover'd] the most, and that about 6/100 Inch, so the second but a very little, but the third more, and the reason for this is, that so much of String as may be rightly concerned in sounding or vibrating, is not from the thickness or stiffness of the String, and as occasioned by the pressure into the Notches of the Nut, is not I say terminated precisely at the point of the bearing, but at a little distance therefrom or before, and on which account a contrary effect happens withal, viz. from the said Stiffness, as with respect to the Fingers [or softness of the Fingers] at the Fretts, but as in some measure, implying both which in the denting, will, or if left may, as above, be in the fourth string about 6/100 Inch Now the most convenient thickness of the gut Strings whereon to make the Fretts for a Viol is about  3/100 Inch in Diameter, all of one and the same thickness; and in their placing with respect to a Lath or Gage [viz. from the Nut to the bridge] by which they must be set the Divisions thereupon, to the Perfection of the Instrument, being to be from the same sort of Calculation as spoken of above for a Monochord, I say as respect to That they must lie in little Slanting, the Notes upon the Bass Strings being more sharpen'd by the pressing down to the Finger-Board than them upon the Trebles; but that is not the sole matter in the Case, for withal, from the smallness of the Treble Strings, together with the Softness of the Fingers (as mention'd above) it must be, that the Fretts as with respect to them [or as under them] must (I say) be at a little Sharper [or even at a pretty bit sharper] than as from the Lath or Calculations, but not so for reason already given as touching the Basses; therefore, as thence t he Fretts must lie a little slanted, but still in the whole but little; for as with the heights of Bridge and Nut as low as properly may be, or as with the range of the Strings as thence with respect to the Finger-Board, the most general slant of the Fretts must be only about 1/20 Inch, save only b ut as farther [from the circumstances above] it is to be observ'd that from the pressing down to the said Finger-Board or the Nature of the bending thence required, i.e. as with regard to the distance prest down, and at what distance from the Nut, the Fretts [as under the small Strings] must be plac'd rather the most sharp about the 3rds and 4th from the Nut; Whenas not so from experience upon the Guitar [viz. from the nature of the Strings and Fretts thereon] but if anything the contrary in very small degree about the places here mention'd , neither must the Fretts be plac'd a-slant as in the Viol; but the length of the Treble String there, viz. from the Nut to the Bridge must be longer than from what the frets are Calculated, and still the more so as touching its Basses, [ save only out of which, as with respect to both or all, the Nut must be plac'd shorter by 26/100 of 1/4  Inch than where the calculation for the Fretts is from] as is easy to be verified with true strings; so this Bridge must stand a little a-slant: But tho' I speak about the Guitar, yet I cannot but think it as an Instrument hardly worthy notice and withal especially as with regard to the upper, or most distant Fretts from the Nut, a little curving or bowing [but in this Article very small] the middle of the Bridge being somewhat farther from the Nut than its extremities; but farther Instrument [the Viol] hereafter.

 

N ow from the Log of the Sharp 6th as last above, it may be observ'd, that as with regard to that of 3 to 5 it has, 00053 sharp Latitude [for so I think the most proper to term it, as containing so much more, or as having that difference sharp], and accordingly the 5th, 00162 flat latitude; and as the nature of the sharp 6th [upon which Experiments are the easiest to be verified] will allow of no more [the 5th bearing, as with respect to Harmony, the 162 flat, full as well, if not rather better than the sharp 6th, the 53 sharp, and as when at the same time, that could hardly be or be minded if Melody requir'd it, or was Melody to require it otherwise for, as by and by, when the larger Note is truly sweet as with respect to Melody, it is as bad as bad can be as with respect to Harmony, Page 29] hence the absurdity of tuning the sharp 3rd sharp, as hath been commonly done, may easily be seen as followeth.

 

Suppose the sharp 3rd was not to be tun'd sharp, but only so wide as to be what is unfitly, or poorly styl'd Perfect [as being without its correspondent quantity of seasoning, viz. of ,

 

, 00109 flat Latitude] that is, to          |

be tun'd exactly to the Log. of            |  ,09691

4805,012 ----------------                  |

 

Then, as Tones Major, Minor &c.            |

as conjectur'd of old are not of the       |  ,04845.5

Question [as will be confirm'd below]      |

half the Log. of 4 to 5 [as on course      |

in tuning] would fall to be the            |

larger Note, viz. ----------------

 

And in manner as above, five               |

times the larger Note being, Sub-          |

tracted from the Octave would              |  ,02937.75

leave ,05875.5 the half of which           |

to be the lesser Note -------              |

 

And now the Sharp 6th consist-             |

ing of four of the larger Notes and        |  ,22319.75

and one of the lesser would be .....       |

 

So its sharp Latitude would be - ,00134.75

 

w henas for its right seasoning, as I found from the small Latitude in which its Harmony is confined, as also, and as chiefly therein with regard to the true steps of Melody that it would not allow of any more than ,00053: * neither withal did I find any cause or reason from other  ( ...... continues after "Monstrous usage Indeed!")

 

++++ Start of Footnote

I t being as some remark which I shall here make to the purpose, and to which, what I try'd upon the Viol as mentioned in the Preface is agreeable, viz. when so Sharp as 1/20 of the foolish Comma more, i.e. when about the 1/200 part of the larger note more, and the which according to the term of Latitude [the properest] when so much as ,00080 sharp or somewhat before it be so much, I say for a remark to the purpose it is then [upon the Spinet] turn'd from its being a fine Chord or Consonance to being no better than a meer Snarl; and the which is what all the Schemes, before my Experiments would, nay even far worse than so have produc'd or turn'd out, so consequently the nearer any Scheme comes up to mine, and as when still not quite so it, 'tis only a bad use made of mine, viz. if put in practice as expest; and this is what  Dr. Smith's will do, providing what he says or describes be truly put in execution; for it is to be observ'd, that when from me more than 1/9 Comma flat in the Major 3rd, the Latitude of the Major 6th will be render'd ,00084,17 sharp; and when from no more than 1/9 Comma Flat in the Major 3rd, the Latitude of the said Major 6th will then be render'd ,00089,795 sharp; so here it is to be observ'd, that if Dr. Smith saves his Major 6th at all [viz. as only with respect to Harmony] he must tune according to the drift of my Scale, and not so that of his own, or at least it might be much nearer to mine than to what he calls his own, for let him make a Monochord, or let one be made, upon his Principle, or upon his Theoretical Principles, and tune to it, to try whether it will do better than mine or not [but as here by the by, not meaning for it to be judg'd or sentenc'd by a Board of Longitude] it not being, I am very sure, in the power of any Demonstration whatever, neither of that of any of my Experiment in the world, viz. whether at Cambridge or else where, before my Experiments were made, to shew, towards a Mathematical truth how far the major 6th would bear, and that as a Key to open the Lock to bring the whole Scale into Order, as intimated in the preface; I say, before I had completed my Apparatus to the purpose, and had acquir'd proper means of trying it, it was never in the power of Man (seem the Assertion ever so presumptuous) to know the Matter [or Foundation of Musick] &c. any tolerable degree by Numbers considering the niceness of the points requir'd therein, whenas the which are hence fairly illustrated, or to Mathematical truths de-fin'd; neither can it as yet be done or confirm'd by any save only by me or a proper use of my Apparatus, as being as already imply'd, too nice or secret a Matter even as primarily to be defin'd from any theory, neither as consequently afterwards, to be practicably distinguish'd by Beats; whenas to tune all the Strings of a good spinet, that's contain'd in one Octave by my Monochord, and as thereby from its nice execution upon its Foundation imply'd must be quite sufficient to satisfy all the reason in the World, was there no farther Proof to be had: and here I cannot help calling to Mind, that when I first told Dr. Smith of any Scale [i.e. of the real Scale of Musick] that he said he would soon try it upon the Reed Stop of the Organ; a famous Stop indeed whereupon to try Such a Matter or Nicety!

i.e. in good round Numbers, if such would but do! or rather as without any regard to Numbers at all, for it could not as in consequence, by that means or method, be any other sort of trial than as it were at random, or without regard to exactness, whereas the contrary was not only in a high, but even in the highest degree requir'd! But as farther to proceed. Where would Dr. Smith's Major 6th have got to had he not convers'd with me, accidentally as it were about the Matter, viz. when he had founded his Scale (and the which, as I afterwards heard by Mr. Graham had been two years in hand) and was a going to publish his Book upon the Major 3rd being taken where falsely styl'd, as with respect to Musick perfect? why, it would have got (as above) to ,00134,75 sharp, and so might consequently as well have been a Mile farther,  Nay was it to have been two Miles farther, or only so far out of the Question as according to Mr. Huygen's poor imaginary low Division [viz. as when computed ,00149 Sharp] yet it must still,  with veneration have been look'd upon as something, if not to have been taken as a Step towards right, providing it still was but adorn'd, besmear'd or bedawb'd  with Greek and Latin &c.  and still had then doubtless made his Mathematical Schemes with his Algebraical reasonings to serve to the purpose [tho' no more to do in the Matter, at either time, than they could have to do with the Pallats, Balance-Spring and Thermometer of my Longitude Watch, i.e. nothing at all] and at last [viz. after f or all his Rectification and Curiousity] to tune into a many Keys, viz. into more than usual, by, or through a Succession of 5ths, wherein all the Nicety, was there any [tho' to be nicer than mine] must very probably be lost, for when a Surveyor makes use of a many Stations his Map can seldom or never be so correct as when from fewer,

I n a marginal space this secondary Note against this place. "But indeed, was it here, or be it here by a perfect Monochord, it might or may then be said, or still be said to be as from one station."

consequently, such stuff as that (and whether with thought or without) must only be fitting to be put at the end, or after any the meanest handling of the Scale of Musick, unless it could be said, that through the Power of Theory, as jointly with that of Algebra, and as not withstanding any inaccuracy whatever that might attend or may happen in the putting in Practice, the nicety must still remain: [whenas from his tuning there can be no proof of what he writes to be the scale of Musick}: But even as thence, supposing as impossible to the greatest truth that the most prodigiously curious or natural Foundation of Musick would admit of, yet still as then not so be in the least better towards what ought as most chiefly to be regarded [and not what is treated of Page 16] and that is for the pitching of a Psalm-Tune in the Church; whenas in my conversing with him, more than once or twice, I had told him [from Experience] to what nicety the pitching of a Tune for a Consort of fine Psalm-Singers requir'd, so towards which he ought, as one would have thought  to have made his chief, or as a Rev. nd Man his most becoming drift, as of which hereafter; hence surely in the whole such a Book as his, as touching the natural Scale of Music &c., and as considering withal the Means by which he came by it, or as above the Means whereby he took occasion so for to rectify it as he did, must be as Ignoble a Thing as ever was done or produc'd in the World, and more especial so as from such a Man, and who himself [viz. after my conversing with him about the Matter] had told me, and had also told Mr. Nettleton, that he was so far satisfy'd of the truth of mine, that he would not publish his, not that I greatly car'd whether he was so or not, or would p ublish his or not, but as thence I am in expectation that something else [as about the Nature of Ballances &c.] may, or will be issued out from Cambridge as if the knowledge of which was first discover'd there, whereas it was exhibit'd by me, and that from something which happen'd in my long course of  Machinery to fall in my way; But it is otherwise certain that the University Men (no commendation to 'em sure) are generally (and besides as in Country Villages) pretty arbitrary, and think they may do whatever they please, as was (by them) wanted arbitrarily to be done in my other Affair, as of still more noted Longitude, and wherein Dr. Smith took indeed friendly care to advise me, or rather to persuade me to be quiet and rest easy, tho' I should not or could not [because of them] have Justice done; whenas he ought to have sent a Letter certifying to the Board [the which Favour I greatly requested but could not succeed] that nothing [in fact] as touching the Completion of Longitude could do so well as the true Time-Keeper; but Parsons will be Parsons, nothing contrary to their Partiality must take place, or even nothing at all but what they please if they can help it {University's Poison]; but I thank God for the better! and that then through the hands of an upright Judge, together with other Unprejudiced, Honest, or real Commissioners for the Longitude, along with His Lordship, I mean along with the Rt. Hon. He the Earl of Sandwich: But as nevertheless tho' the wrong headed, barbarous Inhumane Method, whereby to bring my Time-Keeper into the World [or rather to keep it out of the World] was at that time stav'd off, yet it had afterwards [viz. after another Voyage] through the same Inhumanity, Barbarity, or Disingenuity, and as notwithstanding such Virtue as ought to have been expected from the Act of Parliament, is remaining still in force, and as upon which my Son was also sent that second Voyage, yet I say as notwithstanding that, it had like to have been brought on again, and then as might still perhaps, for the residue of my life, have been made a meer Vassal to the most ignorant Men; for then accordingly as at the first, because I had contrived and made such a Thing, as the which for its case and certainty, as well as with its afforded opportunities for frequency in discovering the Longitude [and as was confirmed in each of the two Voyages] far surpast all that ever was or could be imagin'd by any Rev. nd Professor, or any Body else whatever; yet I say, because I had produc'd such a Thing, as was handled much the same, or at least no better than a poor Bull at the Bull-Ring bated by Bull-Dogs; Monstrous usage indeed!

 

End of Footnote ++++

 

other Chords or Intervals form its wanting any more, or for its being forc'd to have any more [viz. than .00053 Sharp] the 5th for Instance, and as in chief, not being render'd [as I can make bold to say, from so far as is to be, or can be determinable from Experience] to its finest Flavour by any less than ,00162 flat Latitude, therefore, not on the contrary suffering by it, as was suppos'd by a Temperament, But is thence acquiring its goodness, and that as most especially in its primary Case, viz. as an Interval of Melody, as being thereby, and only thereby rendere'd to be a true Step of Tune;

It being then and only then, according to the disposal of Nature or Providence what the Ear best likes and the Voice always takes, and the which must certainly be from its becoming, natural or true Proportion, whatever our reason may have suggested, pretended or imagin'd to the contrary, as will be sufficiently confirm'd before I have done; and as the same is to be understood of all the rest, viz. as chiefly touching any Succession of Notes or Tune, they cannot therefore, as with respect to Melody be said to have any Latitude at all, for when thus render'd, they can be no otherwise look'd upon than as being, or as becoming to be, in or from a perfectly Melodious Scale; Therefore, when ever (in this Treatise) I make use of the term Latitude, 'tis always to be understood as with respect to Harmony, or to the highest degrees thereof, tho' the words may sometimes seem to imply the contrary, whereas there is no such thing in the Scale of Melody, as being entirely perfect in itself; and so as thence, I may farther assert, that by the term Latitude is only represented the distances from such Mathematical points of exactness in single Consonancy, as still can have nothing to do in the more high Source of Harmony, save only, so far as from whence to be notify'd (as always imply'd) the naturalness or Virtue from the distance of each corresponding Chord therefrom.

 

neither indeed [or as without which quantity of flatness] as touching its very best, and as I have already affirm'd in its Secondary case, i.e. as  a Consonance of Harmony; ++++++ (this connects to +++ "and surely it cannot be amiss")

 And now I shall observe, as here in the first place, that the 4th by its having as much sharp Latitude as the 5th has flat, viz., ,00162 is thereby also [as I found] render'd a perfect Interval of Melody or true Step of Tune, as said above of all in general; but what I am here to notify about the 4th is, that it will not so well bear Harmony, unless its Relation the Sharp 6th be founded co-temporaneous with it, and then it is as ought to be, that it becomes as styl'd above to the most elevated height of Perfection, and would not then be so with any less Latitude; neither at the same time, must the Sharp 6th be impair'd by its having either more or less than ,00053 Sharp, and it is also to be observ'd that the Sharp 3rd, which is the upper Consonance in this Harmony, will, and as then terminated by the others have also its due, Seasoning, viz. of ,00109 flat Latitude, but [as already affirm'd] no suffering or bearing is now amongst these to be perceived, as might be imagin'd, or as hath been observ'd from what might be thought a Temperament, but on the contrary, by a fine or lofty Warbling are all advanced to the highest degree of Perfection, as being therefore refin'd from the dullness that what has been called perfection would make: And the same is to be observ'd in the Sharp 3rd and 5th, where the Flat 3rd is the upper Consonance in the Harmony, for the which then, from their due or correspondent Latitudes (as I found) did also afford the most lofty Air that is possible to be, and most especially so, in both these Cases, viz. if in this Harmony, as well as in that of the 4th and Sharp 6th (as just above spoken of) the Octave or Octaves are also sounded; hence, what can be said of the tuning of the Sharp 3rd. really wide or sharp, and is thereby Sacrificing the Flat 3rd, and as in consequence the Flat 3rd, and as in consequence thereof its Complement to the Octave the Sharp 6th, and that to a great degree? Why, such a proceeding may well be called a Temperament, yea even when to a less degree than that, bad enough! So the truth of the Matter is (as all along to be seen) That the Scale of Melody as the Principal, or as in the first place chiefly to be observ'd is entirely perfect in itself, that is without any the least bearing or suffering, as being so render'd by, as it were its free and eternal Inheritance of such proper Latitudes of the Chords, as secretly permitted, or rather mysteriously ordain'd for the Purpose; or as is very suprizingly to be express'd of it in other words, viz. as that each Note in the Scale of Melody should so have its respectively exact and domestick d egree in the Borders of the Chords of Harmony, as whereby to be situated [as touching matter of real, tho' secret truth] even to the greatest p reheminence ?? i n the Field of Nature, otherwise, each Interval therein must have been under the untunableness o f bearing or suffering, and that to a much greater degree than ever was imagin'd, and in consequence of which, no true Tune or fine Melody ever to have been had [viz. neither by the Voice, nor upon any Instruments whatever, no far from it] whenas the contrary is really fact, (Continued at **** below)

 

As for Instance, no Master of Musick in playing or hearing a Single Part, as upon the Violin &c. ever judging whether each Note be taken according to any certain

degrees of Temperament, but that whether or not each Note be taken truly in Tune; and it is certain that that truth never did, nor can consist of Such Intervals as have been imagin'd perfect; that of the Octave only to be excepted.

 

 

( from **** above)

and not only so, but moreover as above in such an astonishing manner as not to occasion any Diminuation of the Harmony of the said Chords, but on the other hand, as when duly, truly, or fairly try'd, to the Advancement of the same, or so the rendering the Harmony more Graceful. But farther as the Scale Of Melody is indeed truly Melodious or perfect in itself, there is something more, and that of great importance therein , and the which I shall here treat of, and that is the Latitude of the larger Note, could that, as touching that Interval be properly so Denominated, the which would be as with respect to the imaginary Tone Major ,00324 flat, and with respect to the imaginary Tone Minor ,00215 Sharp, but as in fact, in its having no Affinity to either of them [that Imagination being, as I found with respect to it no better than a meer Chimera] it cannot therefore be said to have any Latitude, since it is not at all to be observ'd as with regard to its Ratio, that being betwixt 48 to 43 and 19 to 17, that is in plain terms nothing, was that the light in which it is to be viewed; well, but what then can, or is to be said as touching its Perfection?  Why according to the most accurate Experiments that I am sure is possible to be made, it is to the Octave exactly as the Radius of a Circle to the Circumference, and only as to [viz. without any the least Deviation] a fine Interval of Melody or true Step of Tune, and is naturally so taken by good Voices, that is, with as great facility as any other Interval; and besides my Experiments as touching this upon the Spinet and Viol, in the tuning of Bells also [viz. by a Monochord] nothing but this [or exactly this] as the larger Note, will render a Peal to be truly Melodious, as which I have had many Experiments undeniable of the fact: Now as Nature or Providence has order'd [and that as a chief Matter of Proportion in the Scale of Musick] that this should be so, and truly good, [when exactly put in execution] to the highest perfection that can be  yea [when exactly put in execution] to the highest perfection that can be desir'd, as also the same with respect to the better Note as above, and from the exactness of these, as in a surprizing manner, the truth of the whole Scale to consist, Who ought therefore, for the Future to be so bold as to presume to diversify the order, as hath been hitherto ignorantly surmis'd or pretended, since neither our Reason or Theory can have to do in the Matter?

 

 

T he Log. of 8 to 9, or that of     |

the imaginary Tone Major  -----    | ,05115,25

 

The truly melodious Note, viz.     |

from the Radius of Circle as above | ,04791

 

The Log. of  9 to 10, or that of   |

the imaginary Tone Minor ----      | ,04575,75

 

The Log. of the fictitious         |

Comma, or of the difference betwixt|

the imaginary Tone Major and the   | ,00539,5

Minor - The Log. of 80 to 81 ----  |

 

 

 

 

 

c onnects from  ++++ above

and surely it cannot be amiss to denominate Melody and Harmony after this manner, for as a Proof thereto, an Instrument may be so tun'd, or maybe found to have stood so in tune as to afford all the Chords tolerable well as with respect to Harmony, when at the same time, as with regard to a Single Part [and then as best discover'd in playing slowly] not to speak a Tune truly as suppose a Psalm-Tune or its Bass, neither very short, but proper Succession of Notes as some one, or any one select Change &c. five or more tunable Bells might strike,

(goes to ++++ below)

 

* Or even, not truly the four Notes here following, as the last of our Notes in the Bass of the Psalm-Tune,

 

viz.

  the which Notes, according to the secret law of melody, are by, the Voice turn'd off perfect, and not according to what has been thought the perfect laws of harmony, as may be verify'd by the strict Application of a Perfect Monochord to a Spinet, for playing them as a single part slowly, they will be found to the Ear as fine or distinct as when a good Voice sings 'em and therefore, only true or truly harmonious when exact to the secret Principle of melody, as in this Book advanc'd; the last four Notes in the tenor of the same Tune, as may be proper to be notify'd, being

 

L ucy Note: Notation Clef called Tenor, but this is ambiguous not shown, # on central line (assuming central line is C) Notes therefore are  A-A-G#-A.

 

 

 

(connects from ++++ above)

I say not then, or in these Cases to speak the truth as with respect to Melody and that in any proper key, or in any of their proper Keys, and from any part of the Instrument, if (as again) from any one part, as is, or even ever will be too commonly the Case in the fine Instruments of Musick, the organ, harpsichord and Spinet, for even as agreeable to which, a two stopt Harpsichord may be so in Tune, or as above, may sometimes be found to have stood so in Tune as to afford all the Chords tolerably well, and yet at the same time but few of its two and two Strings to be strictly found at Unison, whence the Melody must as must chiefly be impair'd, the Intervals thereof being in themselves far more nice and delicate than the Consonances of Harmony, and yet these latter [the World being as in the first place full of Harmony,

 

++ Footnote starts here

Yea in reality full, but as nevertheless we are oft times, viz. in other matters hard set to rightly understand it, but still as thence the more at last to admire it, or the Kingdom of God therein.

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and as notwithstanding in this Matter with wrong Notions concerning the highest degree and degrees thereof] are what the others [as without a Monochord] are try's or Tun'd by, and when as in consequence at the same time, with a great desire to put such Violence, or as I may call it beloved Violence upon Nature, and especially in tuning the Organ as to make the Chords seem perfect as single Consonances,  when as on the contrary they must not there seem so, Nature [in any Tune] as I have shewn, and that to much greater, tho' secret Perfection chusing  other measures in that of the Octave only to be excepted; consequently the beatings as heard in single Consonances upon the Organ, viz. when at the best that can, or may according to Nature be set, are not then to be esteem'd as being from false degrees of the Intervals  [i.e. as touching the Perfection of Musick] as hath been been imagin'd, but from the Nature of the Instrument, since no such beatings are perceptible from Voices sounding at the same degree or degrees of Latitude, as may be attested from the same not being then perceptible when upon, or from the Nature of the Viol, neither as from the Spinet, or Harpsichord,

 

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Nay if you please, in playing two Parts, two good Viols rightly in order, and as to be understood with fixed Fretts [contrary to the Opinion hitherto maintain;d] will do the same, or will perform [and without any discernible Beats] is exactly as two good voices can sing, and consequently, as whence more true than can possibly be done upon instruments called perfect without Fretts,  i.e. when besides the due placing of the Fretts, For (as here by the by) to be without Divisions in Mathematical Instruments could never be the case of Perfection, be their Foundations in other respects ever so good. the strings are also truly examin'd as touching inequalities from any occasion as followeth, as will indeed too frequently happen, and after their having once been made true; viz. sometimes from the warmth of the Hand at one end of the strings, and as perhaps might be from some Persons from the sweat of the Hand, as also from dampness, nay even sometimes from extreme dryness, but as most especially [to be notify'd and rectify'd] from the Rosin at the other end, however when rightly considered and fairly experienced, the Viol carries a natural Proof for its Rectification in it self, and is much easier to play upon, or as thence for any Tune to be play'd more truly upon than is possible to be done upon Instruments without Fretts; but notwithstanding, it may not perhaps be a proper Instrument for common Consorts, and according to common Musicians, because of too much trouble, as and with judgment to have it in order, for (as farther to be added to what has been said already) when a String breaks 'tis often times some work to get a farther portion thereof, or another String truly corrected; besides it wanting more plumpness of Tone; but however be it as it will. I am here about verifying what is the Scale of Musick, and not about what Instruments are the most fit for Consorts, but in this latter respect it may perhaps be better'd from a different shape or bulk of the Instrument; for, since my first drawing up of these Papers I happen'd to have an Experiment in the rigging of a Viol which a Gentleman got made according to the make or shape of a Violincello, save only in its Belly, Back &c., as I was told by the maker not so thick] and wherein from the plumpness, or weight of strings it allow'd of viz. as therein together with their proper Tension, I found that the Fretts were not requir'd to lie so much a slant as above spoken of, tha' there but little, and as chiefly to be notify'd, its Courage or Strength of Tone, was (from its constitution) much, greater than that of other Viols, or even as great as could be said to be  highly necessary viz. as without what might be esteemed as surgeing, as well as the Musick, by means of the Fretts &c, exceedingly fine and true, and with its length of strings for Consort Pitch.

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a strong Proof indeed of what the Voices do, or of what measures they take, as farther of the Viol hereafter; but still, or as nevertheless, without a Monochord in tuning the Spinet &c. [excepting for the better; viz. as by Musical Forks tun'd thereby as of which hereafter] we are or must be oblig'd to trust wholy to that Method of single Consonances, viz. as with some allowance therein by guess But the which was heretofore, both by arbitrary skill and guess, notwithstanding as when at the best but hardly accurate enough for the Purpose; but however, they might as thence very easily have been perceiv'd, and that even from, as I may say mean Experiments [ but as supposing with good Ears] the blindness and inaccuracy of the World for so long a time, viz. that (contrary to the maintained Opinion) the perfect 5th [as falsely so styl'd] i.e. of 2 to 3 exact, was no fit Interval for any Tune, neither is it ever [as such]and therein; nor [ as I have sufficiently found ] is it ever to be struck in any succession of Notes upon Bells, no, not even when there are no more than five in the Peal, for if tun'd so, the goodness or spirit of the Peal is lost; for as in supposing [ finding or making ] the Treble-Bell then with the three following to be as they ought to be, and so that excess of sharpness [or rather flatness, as it may be here styl'd]to lie in the Tenor, the goodness (I say) of the Peal will then be turn'd to dullness, or become as it were benum'd, and in which Case, be the tenor-Bell ever so good in kind it will seem but a bad one, save only when rung by itself; or as in supporting the latter four Bells [ Viz. the tenor and the three before it to be as they ought to be] and then, that excess of sharpness [in the 5th] to lie in the Treble, the said Treble will then seem as if it were asham'd of itself, in its keeping telling such a Lie, or such an unpleasant Lie, as, contradicting to the course of Nature ought to be true, for even any, who may have skill in the Matter would be able to judge that that Treble was too sharp, but at the same time would certainly suppose it, as with respect to the Tenor to be sharper [ or wider ] that what they always imagin'd, or took for granted the Perfect 5th of 3 to 2 to be; whereas on the contrary, by a perfect Monochord, as grounded upon the real, tho' secret Foundation of Musick, that mistake ( as such ) becomes apparent; nay [ as sounding the Succession of Notes upon a Peal of five Bells ] if at any time that single 5th be found, or should by a perfect monochord be discern'd to be in itseld but even the least bit wider than what results from the Circumference, Diameter, and radius of a Circle [viz. as without meddling with, or taking any notice of the intermediate Bells] it loses, or begins to lose of its sweetness, as declining from its mathematical pint of Tune, or that of its Perfection, as I have known from several Experiments in Bells (yea notwithstanding the nonsense of Fiddlers as touching the tuning their Open-Notes beatings, as proving in favour of their Fancy, not being there perceptible no more than upon the Viols and from whence it is [viz. from the Intervals of melody being so nice or delicate in themselves, i.e. in their not suffering to be in the least render'd arbitrary, or different from what nature has appointed 'em, and at the same time to be truly playing] that this exactness or sweetness in Melody [viz. to so high a degree, or to its very perfection, as of late discover'd by me] is , or becomes a very difficult thing, and hardly ever strictly to be found or abtain'd, or at least very rarely, but when as I find a good Instrument is just newly tun'd by a perfect Monochord, and that as grounded upon the Properties of a Circle as above,

 

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Nay, from a Harpsichord being thereby tun'd to this Perfection some good Players thereupon have already confost (confessed??) that they never had heard the harpsichord before, but still, according to the nature of the Instrument, and as already intimated, it is not to be expected to stand to this nicety or sweetness for along time, no rather but for a little time, especially in some sorts of Weather, or by the changes of Weather; nay in bad or damp Weather it is hardly ever to be tun'd to this nicety or Perfection at all, meaning as for the most part, not in a Room, where there is frequently a Fire in damp or Winter Weather.

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not but that it may be done tolerably well without the Monochord, when the drift or design is right, and that is from assigning the Sharp 3rd, its proper flat Latitude, or by the aiming accordingly to what is, or must be appointed thereby; * hence it must be very (This seems to be continuation after diversion on bells)

 

But here it may be proper to remark, that with respect to the standing to true Melody, good Bells rightly Tun'd, and when in the most proper Proportion touching the respective Weight of each bell in the Peal and in consequence thereof [is meaning with the Metal rightly dispos'd of] their corresponding Diameters  or Sizes, the which, so far as I can see into the matter, must be the best when the Diameter, at the skirt of the Treble in a Peal of Eight, is so large as to be about 2/3 of that of the Tenor, or not much less and the rest in the range of that proportion, But to know the range of that Proportion or even any Proportion is an ascertainment hitherto unknown to the World, or to the Bell-Founders, i.e. any farther than as by guess, and the which has often times prov'd very much at random. for their Voices will not once as thence be of the most proper Courage as with respect to the Tenor, but they will also thereby be of the most convenient ponderosities, so as to afford from what is, or ought to be due to their Hanging, the best Foundation for your Ringing in general, and most especially therein for  for fine Raising and Ceasing, and I may here also add, as from relative symmetry in every respect, for their handsomely Chiming on Sundays to the Publick Worship of Almighty God, the which in a Peal of large  or largish Bells must be a very laudable Thing , that is the whole Peal, or Six or Eight of the biggest where the Peal consists of more; not but the first Six in Ten, and first Five in twelve, are what may in themselves be said to be proper Peals, as also ( as already imply'd) that Six in Twelve beginning with the third Bell. but as touching this Point, and as in Comparison to several Places in the Country, London for its poorness might even be asham'd; But to return , I say good Bells as when duly Proportioned and duly Tun;d must have by far the preheminence above all other Instruments, and not only as with respect to their standing to true Melody, if truly Tun'd, But moreover from their Nobleness of Voice as will best appear, nay I say, as will only then appear, and that most especially to the greatest grandeur in a Peal of large Bells; but that such a laudable in a Peal of Eight, ten, or Twelve Bells, or even a Peal of fewer in Number, is what can hardly be said ever as yet to have been once truly Accomplish'd the Peals only to to be expected as with respect to Tune, the which of late have been Tun'd by the Monochord or rather in more properly the purpose speaking by  (3) my forcing upon the Bell Founders the use of a very accurate Instrument the which I have prepared [ and only I myself in the World had prepared] and that upon the true or real Foundation as unknown to the World before; so whence I say it is certain, that the true tuning of Bells came first into the World by my forcing as it were the accurate use of such the said Instrument upon the great inaccuracy of the then most noted Bell-Founders, since (and besides the want of due proportion as with respect to each other, as yet then remaining undiscover'd, chance by guess also in that point, as only taking place) there had not been, viz. since ( and besides the want of due proportion, as yet then remaining) there had not been, viz. before my Apparatus was perfected to the purpose, as in the year 1758, had the draft or design, as not in particular with regard to Their Tuning, but also to that of other noted Instruments been right, I say before that time there had not been any proper, or perfect means for such an Achievement, they not being in this respect to be dealt withal as other Instruments are, could even such a Method, as practic;d, upon other instruments, ever be said to be sufficiently practicable for the Attainment, or for such exactness as they deserve, or greatly require to have and that both as with respect to their Nobleness of Voice when right good, and as may perhaps hereafter be in due Proportion, as well as with respect to their Standing in Tune, whenas surely, as a Consequent to what is here advanc'd, highly deserving a method to the Purpose, otherwise they might have remain'd, as they yet for the most part do viz. always in some degree more or less offensive. But here I shall take leave farther to observe, that with respect to the natural Notes of melody, and as in the most usual manner struck upon bells [ and as may also be struck upon the Spinet, the exactness of which pertaining there to as well as to Bells] no one Change or Succession of Notes as wherein such Intervals as have Ratios, or as [with regard to their Vibrations] styl'd the most Harmonick Ratios, and as used in following one another as 3rds, 5ths, &c.  and that whether as counted promiscuously or designedly, can excel as with respect to Melody that which is called Round, not but that such Ratios in succession, when truly season'd and tun'd as I have shewn are very Melodious, and therefore for matter of variety, and as may come on course in Changing are very becoming, yea so as to render such a performance well worth hearing, But then, as a chief point in the matter, it must be understood with the tenor always being used as the Key or Base? , as Nature requires to crown the Melody, the which if otherwise can be none; and from whence withal, and as natural at the same time, viz. from the constant or unvaried swing of the tenor a strict Decorum is kept up in the Peal, there being on the contrary no necessity for any deign'd ingenious Tumbles, whenas, in contradiction thereto, the whole Peal can consist of nothing else but such if the Tenor be Chang'd, since as in chief [viz. of the nonsense] every other Change, at least, mus thence have as it were a new key, could it even be proper so to denominate it, whenas on the contrary, such proceedings cannot be paid to have any key or Foundation at all, i.e. the Hunting? or Changing of Bells thus abus'd not pertaining to the ground-work of any Tune, or Composition of Musick in the least, therefore, or as in consequence of which, whatever it may be with respect to any Art of the Ringers, it can be no other than as an Insult as touching any Content or Pleasure to the Hearers, whenas, in Opposition thereto, fine Musical Compositions, as Lessons, Tunes &c. are generally as much to the satisfaction of others, as they are to those that Compose or Play them: o fie! a Monstrous Matter, and the more bells the more so, scandalous indeed!

but notwithstanding such is the Ringing in which the Ringers at London do very much Glory, as likewise the same in other Places elsewhere, as following each others ridiculous Example, viz. in their ringing or having rung so many thousands of such absurd Changes, when ( as already shewn ) it is, or may be greatly to their shame, and more especially so, as when adding to which, their not having so much strength or Spirit left as to

cease the Bells handsomely at last [ as supposing eight of the biggest, if the Peal consists of more] as well as in like manner to raise 'em at first, was good Bell-hanging, as well as in the first place due Proportion in the Bells themselves suppos'd, but preferring withal [if at all] the shortness, the shortness or halfings of a Ringing or Pealing, whenas according to the Laws of Nature, the contrary is bespoken; and indeed a more beautiful thing is not in the whole, than to hear the Tenor at the beginning to raise in a largish peal of Eights [ and that without too great an an Exertion of strength] to be handsomely held in or brought to her Clapper?, but not to both sides on a sudden [ nor, even as it may happen, without some intermissions on one and the same side] as the most handsome at first, or as then most becoming the Tenor (and as in a better degree the 7th) the same now being, or allowing to be taken as any hinderance to her claim to the Key, but as it were a bespeaking her Place or Office before-hand, i.e. before there be room well for her to come in;

But still, not meaning ever to have a long drolling sleepy piece of Work of it, [i.e. not to burn it into such, or to render it so] neither is it to be understood with the nonsense of the Treble to be held down at the first pull of strength, but on the other hand some of the larger bells not to be mov'd at all upon the first pull of the trebles, as the 5th and 6th Bells not untill, the second pull, the 7th at the third pull, and the tenor it felt not to begin to move, till the fourth pull of the Trebles.and the which for reason given [ and as from true proportion in the Bells, as well as from Descretion in their hanging] must certainly be a finer Glory, with an adequate ceasing, than as frequently to end in still a disgraceful Jumble, a good reason sure for building a steeple wherein no Bells can be put; But here it ought to be notify'd, that where they do design to have bells, or may hereafter to think proper, and as supporting to some perfection, they ought to build steeples bigger in the square, than what is or had been in our flourishing Age so indiscreetly done. But still as touching all this, or whatever farther could be said to the Matter, the major part, from as they imagine the skilful part of such Ringers, think they thereby become so wise as that no Body else can understand the Scale of Musick, or what belongs therein to the tuning of Bells but them; indeed, no Body else can understand that the Scale, or Nature of Musick will admit of such nonsensical Madness but them, and as therein farther, a many of them or perhaps the Major part think, that in a peal of Ten Bells they have three different Peals of Eight, because there are therein three different Octaves [i.e. three Octaves of different pitch], indeed such Peals may be said to be equally proper whereupon to perform such nonsense as they too commonly do, whenas one of 'em cannot be styl'd proper for any Musick in the World, but indeed the Impertinency or ill Habit of the Ringers is grown to such a pitch of perfection as to have the Odds over all the Reason, or Maxims of Reason acquir'd in the World, for was they to ring but seven Bells, or to ring nine Bells entire in a Peal [viz. according to the manner in which they so frequently do] their Actions and Assertions could be no other than right, there being the same reasons for such performances as for the Tenor to be Chang'd under any other Circumstance, Colour or Pretence whatever for the Tenor-Bell in Ringing can do no other than naturally claim a right to be the key, and that because no other of the Bells can do so, and any pretence to Musick without a Key must be nothing; a notable imbellishment save for the Church of England! But to cease from speaking such Absurdities, it is certain that no one Succession of Notes, and even with the Tenor Coveringcan add as with respect to Melody that which is call'd Round, notwithstanding there not being [ and that to the purpose for which I here treat of it] any such Intervals therein as can be said to have Harmonical Ratios, but are all of them of the two sorts, which ( as I have shewn) have as it were no Ratios, viz. that of the greater Note and that of the lesser! but as touching this Point, some who have heretofore wrote about the Scale of Musick, and have thought proper to speak about this Matter, have been under a great mistake in imagining the sweetness of the Succession call'd Round in particular, as well as that of other Successions to be from a mixture of Tones Major and Minor, and hemitones Major, viz. Intervals of 9 to8, 10 to 9, and 16 to 15, O Strange Deception, as taken upon trust! and that for want of accurate Experiments, that is for the want of such Experiments as can indeed only be had from the most accurate executions and most strict application of such a proper, or suitable preparation as required for the purpose, so I say, as without which taken for fact, altho at the same time not consistent to itself as touching a proper Division of the Octave, but one the contrary incumber'd with inconsistent nonsense; for it is certain, nay I say it is very certain that when a 5th is descended by the Voice from A to D, it is always, or in all Cases founded in one and the same proportion, as when from D to G [ be that proportion what it will] tho' seemingly to be contradicted by the Notion of there being Tones major and Minor, and as thence [ notwithstanding the weakness of the Thought] become the Assertion why in a Peal of Bells, the Nnote or Interval between the tenor and the Bell next to it should straiter? than some others in the Peal, viz.as arising from the same nonsense of Tone Major and Minor, for from such stuff having [ and as notwithstanding good reason to the contrary] only a shadow of mathematical reasoning in its behalf, it hence become prevalent 9and even with the creation of heaps? upon keys of troublesome nonsense ) amongst the little part of Mathematical Musicians, and more especially so amongst those who have wrote (upon that false, and unseemly Basis) about the Foundation of Musick, and that through several Ages of the World, and indeed mine for some years, still at last from strict Experiments, with an Apparatus to the Purpose I found or [prov'd] the grand Mistake! for in tuning thereby some Strings of the Spinet, viz. according to the old Notion of Tones major, Minor &c. the sweetness here above treated of was (and that to my great pleasure and satisfaction, as being, together with the abolishment of all the nonsense intimated) extinguished, it not being from such Intervals as have been thought only to have Harmonical Ratios exact, but on the contrary exact in another respect, as being from, viz. exactly from such Providentially proportion'd Intervals as are in themselves Beautiful or truly melodious [as advanc'd in this Book] and yet as not having, as taken in the Round any Ratios at all; I say from this false piece of tuning the sweetness was lost, tho' indeed, not seemingly so far in the Round as was in other Successions of Notes or Changes, for in such others, and that besides other unpleasantness or irregularities, the 4ths, as chiefly then to be notify'd as well as the 5ths, being as thence not only render'd of different bignesses, but the best of which bignesses, and tho' styl'd perfect 9was, as I found in succession) nought, whenas a 4th by the Voice as requir'd in any Tune or Succession of Notes, or as accoring to nature, as well as the 5th, is a fine Interval of melody; and whoever hereafter shall as with a goof Ear be able, and as also ably prepar'd to make the Experimants, shall find what I say to the strictest degree to be true. Now, from hence it may be infer'd that to search for fine Melody, or rather as in other words, to take it upon trust that it is to be had by way of what has been thought the mist strict Laws of a^ Harmony, and altho' a R?oad in which the World has ever been tracing it, is not withstanding such a rugged, crooked, or secret Path as wherein smooth meldoy, and in consequence of which, what would turn off the finest, or the most Elegant degrees of Harmony itself was never likely to be discover'd; and it is Matter of Surprize to think how Men through several Ages of the World, have therein busied, or rather puzzled themselves to small purpose, Harmony through mistake, and by Philosophical learning in perfection, having always had the Dignity, or kept the Ascendant of melody, whence building upon such principles or maxims whose exactness (as I have shewn) have nothing to do in the Matter, but on the contrary [ as touching the Foundation, real exactness or truth] always leaving the Thing [viz. after all the Nonsense that could, possibly be reap'd up or put together, and as consisting of such Words as to be even fit to break ones Teeth to speak 'em, but surely , as thence imagining the same to be highly worth of Praise or Admiration, since the Matter, viz. the Foundation of Musick as they thought, or so foolishly thought, required to be so exprest, or in such Terms to be treated of, see Dr. Holder of Harmony. and whenas still or at last, in order to make something of it, always leaving the Thing I say] under arbitrary Conditions or Conjectures; But that the Providentially proportion'd Intervals as term'd above [ for so they may be said to be] and as from the Monochord confirm'd by the Spinet as also upon Bells, are indeed the true or real Intervals of Melody &c. I shall here add or enlarge upon any other, or farther Confirmation of the same, and that as followeth; take for the Purpose a good fix, string'd Viol [ viz. an Instrumentor the Instrument which have already in great measure commended] and let it be put in such Order as according to the Instructions following, and likewise so us'd, and that is , Let all its Strings [ as when best proportion'd or adapted] be true, there be Methods whereby to make 'em true, and by the Instrument itself to prove that they are so, but towards which a pair of small Callipers, i.e.Watch-maker pinion gages are in some degree useful; Let its Fretts be placed [all things rightly consider'd as spoken of above] so as the Notes may be tun'd of exactly according to the result of the Circumference, Diameter, and Radius of a Circle, i.e. with [as parts of the same] the Open Notes being [or as with care playing, that the Open Notes be] exactly kept to their respective Latitudes, viz. as with respect to Consonancy, the which still as I have shewn, is, or is to be np Latitude at all, but the very truth, or exactness itself as with respect to melody, there being, as already imply'd, natural means or results upon the said Instrument whereby to verify the same in both respects, the Rosin withal, to the truth of the Matter, being by times rubbed off the Strings [i.e. if, or when upon any proper Essay, and as still to be afforded from the Construction or nature of the Instrument, there may be occassion to do so] viz. with a little fine Oil and a bit of linen Cloth, a dry part of the Cloth to be us'd at last; And not amiss if a Handkerchief be laid upon the Belly of the Instrument less any Rosin fall, but more especially when Emery Paper is to be us'd  as followeth. I say this may be done by times, and especially as with respect to the smaller strings, for the weight of the Rosin will occassion the Strings to become untrue, and consequently the Notes to be false at the Fretts, nay sometimes this recourse will not be sufficient, in which case a bit of fine Emery paper [as at first to make them true] must be us'd, but that with care not to rub too much; as also, it is farther to be observ'd that the fourth and third Strings be not worn flat, i.e. too much out of round by the Bow, altho' the wearing with respect to weight, be supply'd by the Rosin; but as to the second and first strings they seldom or never hold so long for any flatness from the Bow to become of harm in them, but only therein as already intimated, the weight of the Rosin (as incorporated) to over-ballance the wearing; and as touching the fifth and sixth strings, if not true at first, and altho' cover'd with Wire, I say, if not made true before they be cover'd, must where any excess lies, be rubbed with fine Emery Paper to make 'em true,  the same as in the others, the whote colour upon the Wire not then to be regarded. Note, for rubbing a string with the Emery paper, and as when upon the Instrument, take hold with the Finger and Thumb of one Hand near the place to be rubb'd, and therewith keep the string twisting first one way then the other, whilst with the other Hand you rub length way; take farther I say under these Circumstances, and when very strict in the Matter, as by way of Experiment, no finer, sweeter, or truer Steps of Melody as taken in any Tune can possibly be, they being indeed so manifestly true, as even to speak as it were the very words of a Tune, nay I may almost say the very Words of a Psalm or Song: but here it may perhaps be nonsensically abjected that as with Fretts the variety of a close Shake is not to be expected, whenas from only varying the pressures of the Fingers at or upon the Fretts, the same when occasion are finely to be had, but if the Fretts as likewise in consequence the Open-Notes be set  or varied in their respect ever so little from what I have shewn the Ground of the Matter to be [viz. from what naturally result from the Properties of a Circle as I have shewn] and that which way, or in anyways soever as might even by that little , as without due Experience be foolishly imagin'd for the better, no true Tune can then be play'd, the Notes being as thence render'd discernibly false, so strictly is melody confin'd to its secret basis; as for example, and to the purpose, by a proof of the bigness or Latitude of the Flat 3rd, and as hence consequently a proof to the whole, and even without moving the Fretts, if or as when anytime by the weight of the Rosin &c. the Note G upon the third string, is, or is become, as with respect to the Open-Note E on the same string, any the least bit flatter than what results from the circumference, diameter, and radius of a Circle; as also the same as touching C upon the second string, as with respect to A the Open-Note thereof; and in like manner F upon the first string, as with respect to D its Open-Note; I say, if any of these, as Flat 3rds, are, or are become in any the least degree flatter than what results from the Circumference, Diameter and radius of a Circle the melody then in any Tune will not  only be impair'd but even quite spoiled; hence consequently, as the Flat 3rds must be so sharp, the sharp 3rds can be no sharper than according to the same result, viz. that of the Circumference, Diameter &c. of a Circle, for even as otherwise to think of the Matter, the sharper the Flat 3rd is to be estimated, the flatter the Sharp 3rd must be; and as from experience in tuning or trying the Viol, the Sharp 3rds, and as primarily that of the Open-Notes of the third and fourth Strings [E and C as a single Consonance] must be as flat [ or close] with respect to harmony as the ear will well permit, or otherwise their Notes, or these two Open_Notes [as chiefly to my purpose here] will be found to be quite out of course as with respect to fine or true Melody [for 'tis Melody in playing that gives the strictest Confirmation to the truth, or to exactness in the matter]; and then [as in the progress of tuning] the Open-Notes of the other four strings must as 4ths, make up [as farther towards a compleat proof of the matter] the two Octaves; the Open-Notes of the first and sixth strings each being D; and then these 4ths [ or all the 4ths] as I have said  above will be somewhat wider than harmony will as it were irrationally well permit, whenas still [ and besides what they ought to bear with respect to Harmony] it is thence, and only as thence as touching the 4ths, i.e. when any one of the said Open-Notes (as well as the rest) are struck in any Tune, that the melody (I say) will then, and only as then be found to be right truly good, no bearing, suffering, or impairing of the Notes becoming  as thence to be in the least in the case, but on the contrary thereby prevented; But to the purpose [ and with the Open-Notes correct] it is to be observ'd, as already [with other particulars] imply'd that such trial of the strings as followeth be frequently made, viz. so as that whether or not each string be, or has continued so correct in itself, or that the Rosin hath not so affected 'em [ and as whence greatly towards the Proof, or Confirmation of the Sharpness as above in the Flat 3rd, or as properly speaking, towards the Proof of its little Latitude in flatness] as that the Note at the Frett D upon the second string be not then found too flat, but exactly at Unison with the Open-Note D of the first string; the Note likewise at the same Frett A upon the third string at Unison with the Open-Note A of the second string &c. "This Frett [ as so this piece of necessary trying, viz. as here meant at any time after the strings, or each string was made correct at first] being but the larger note distant, or sharper than the Frett that;s chiefly here imply'd. or rather as Mathematically speaking, in each sharper for reason presently to be perceiv'd; and that besides, or as still moreover, and that in the first place if you please that each string be found to found an Octave at [or when stopt, or rather touch'd with a bit of Wood, or with the edge of a flat Pencil &c:] exactly in the middle, and that is then each end to be at Unison, or rather as with a little allowance in the small strings in sharpness in that end towards the Bridge, i.e. for some Rosin to come whenas from reason above intimated, rather the contrary in the fourth, fifth and sixth strings; now all this together with what has been said before, cannot when rightly consider'd tend any otherwise than to a convincing proof that the Flat 3rds must not be any flatter than what results from the Circumference, Diameter, and Radius of a Circle, for if any the least flatter [ or as according to what Dr. Smith alledges from Theory] no true Tune or fine melody (as here above) is then to be had:A nd the same, to a farther proof or Confirmation of the matter, may also upon the Viol, as with respect to melody be observ'd, viz. in the sharpness requir'd in the Flat 6th, as in That from E the Open Note of the third string to C upon the second String, &c., no abatement in the least to be allow'd of in its sharp latitude [viz. of about 2/10 Comma, or as more exactly speaking from its allotment as upon the Foundation of ,00109 Sharp] when taken as a true Interval of melody belonging to any Tune; nay it is still farther, or as here withal to be observ'd [as above intimated] that with the strings (as well as the Fretts) as they ought to be, and as when untouch'd, as by not playing for some time [or perhaps sometimes if it be but for a day or two] and then to be touch'd or play'd by a Hand not sweaty, the Sharp 6th must at the first tuning (as in which tuning to be observ'd as above) seem, as with respect to Consonancy [or as in the sounding co-temporaneous with the Bow] even quite out of Tune wide or sharp, as that from C the open Note of the fourth string to A upon the third string, and from E the Open Note of the Third String to C# upon the second &c.so from the warmth of the hand, as will in playing, as well as for checks in tuning be apply'd hence the Viol in the Order here spoken of, may, for the purpose in hand be esteem'd as the King of Instruments, since it is not then only itself, but has in effect, and that to a pretty nice degree [as considering withal the length of its Strings] the true and rational Monochord in itself, i.e. so far as whereby to prove what is indeed the true Foundation of Musick, i say true Foundation, it not being possible tho' ever so artfully to render it Arbitrary as I have said before, viz. by jumbling it off the Basis on which Providence has erected it , and still to retain its sweetness, there not being any fault or faults to be put up with as hath been imagin'd, viz. neither as with respect to the Intervals of Melody, nor Consonances of Harmony, so consequently, as contrary to any such Imagination, never any occasion to make any one Chord good, or rather as in other words, to try to render it, so as whence it might be thought for the better, and as whereby to occasion another to become inevitably worse, since all can be right truly good, nay far better than what we should think would be so, was it so to be admitted, as of which the Viol alone, when rightly manag'd affords a sufficient proof, could there be no other so as to be esteeme'd more strict for the Purpose [ as the which indeed, and as already intimated, a good Spinet may be said to be when just newly tun'd by the Monochord] may none besides it [viz. the low esteem'd Instrument the Viol] can do the same, nor even 'em all put together if a Monochord [viz.my Monochord] be excluded the Question, not but that some other Instruments may, or can be so tun'd or play'd, so as without the assistance of a Monochord to testify that there is indeed a Scale of Musick, but are never, from writings in their Constructions so to be order'd as strictly to verify upon what basis it is founded, but still, it is to be understood, that torig, or to have a Viol to this perfection is a very curious matter, and not to be attain'd by the present accuracy or skill of any Musical Instrument maker, neither by that of any present Musician, no it is about as far beyond that [or what they can do] as my Time-Keeper for the Longitude hath ever been, and still at present is  [viz. at the drawing up of these papers] out of the way of the watch-makers but not withstanding it is very practicable, i.e. if they, or some of them could but once, not only hear but see it done, and if the trouble to have it so, or to keep it so [viz. after the due placing of the Fretts as from the calculations hath &c. as above, i say after which the then great or chief Article to have or to keep its strings true] be not to be regarded, since, as a Recompence to the same [ as meaning to a-private gentleman, or any who may hereafter have good ears, and may at the same time be so curious as to try] and that not only for its Excellency as touching the matter in hand, but as consequently then to be (as when in such Order) a fine Instruments of Musick indeed , and as in consequence of both which, and as the truth of the Thing is hereby certify'd, may perhaps be so accomplish'd or manag'd by others hereafter, as well as was first done by me, tho' never heretofore worth learning; but nevertheless, bas as it was, the masters of it must think themselves of sound Judgment when they taught young Ladys to play upon it; and what is still to be said of our present Musicians, viz. in their having, or taking upon the Organ, harpsichord and Spinet, the Major 3rd, in full measure, or rather somewhat over and above, out of the 5th. [ as they imagin the Case] scanty, what then I say must be left for the Minor 3rd? Why a famous absurd Quantity, viz. so as not to come within any bearing, relation, or Affinity to the matter! but however, it may not be said to be so ill far as was upon the Viol, where the 3rds and 6ths were taken even quite monstrously, the 5th withal too wide as with respect to melody, but still, on as not withstanding, there is now a Relapse into the same Absurdity [viz. the Octave into twelve equal parts] upon the Guitar; i.e. that same nonsense, tho' many years ago exploded, is now foolishly brought in again, and practised by the highest Ladys of Honour in the nation, as being (as well as their silly Masters, amus'd thereby; i.e. as Demonstrably, through the pretty Voice of the Thing, they are again become amus'd with such Notes, or as more properly speaking with such diversity of sounds as can have nothing at all to do with musick, consequently, how is this Thing we call Musick abus'd?  but as notwithstanding, to this very improper, nay rather quite unnatural [ notwithstanding that irrational Harmony, may, in some measure conceal the bad fault of imperfect Melody] to tune the Major 3rd or Sharp 3rd sensibly sharper or wider than what Providence has allotted for it, and by which the proper shares or Portions to all the rest, viz.in its being [as the principal Divider] the diameter of a Circle, as with respect to the Octave. So this miss and My Lady must sing altho' the jarring of dissonancy be as great as possible! [the 3rds, and 6ths, being no better in kind than what is called the Wolf upon the Spinet or harpsichord!] sounding brass, tinkling Cymbal indeed! but may or can be otherwise Order'd as upon the Viol above, but not from the shortness of its strings &c.to come to so great a degree of perfection, at least as not done to the greatest degree of accuracy, and as then with the greatest choice of strings: But indeed in the Viol, as formerly us'd, there was the following great advantage, viz. that as there was, or could be nothing to the purpose done upon it, no untruth in the strings &c. could therefore make it any worse, and the same may now be said as touching the Guitar, providing that its two and two strings do but sound at unison at each or all its fretts, tho' notwithstanding from the same situations of the said Fretts [viz. as were upon the Viol] no true Tune to be had or turn'd off, no, far from it, meer heterogeneous jangling. Octave being the circumference; and so, or as in consequence of what has been shewn, what a monstrous matter it must be to tune the said 3rd really sharp, whenas thereby the most principal thing with regard to good Musick [viz. true Meldody] is not to be had, and therefore such a Proceeding must be very unfit for the Purpose, but as principally not to be us'd to the Praise of him by whom the most beautiful Plan for its Substantial Foundation was drawn, and where in are Secrets 9 as is visible from this Book) and the which are contrary, but much for the better to what Men had imagin'd, as being indeed beyond the reach of Man's Imagination, consequently [with respect to the truth of the matter, or as toching its Foundation] contrary to the complex schemes and Volumes which men from time to time have drawn up about it, as thinking it a Thing, at least in some measure to be dealt with arbitrarily, as in the long Note above, viz. in order, as they could best conclude after all the Jumblement or Trumpery there intimated [page 45] so as whence to make something of it, and consequently so far as so, or rather farther, as by false Notions of theory, or notions of false Theory to be handled as they thence, without accurate Experiments from an able Preparation, or rather from able preparations [and as imply'd, without knowing its Foundation, or allowing it to have one] could judge the most proper to be done, therby shewing, or as thence at last, from false notions of reason demonstrating the Scale of Musick to be Imperfect, and in consequence thereof, no true Tune, as a single part to be play'd, but only so well as whereby imagin'd the best to be bore withal, or by the Ear to be the most sufferable, whenas the contrary (as I have said before) is really fact, exactness therefore, as with respect to melody [and not as with respect to what will allow of Latitude, and that as in a secret manner for the better, viz. Harmony must consequently be the very Truth or Soul of the matter, but to be so indeed, as i have found from due Experiments, no one Tone or Sound can be allow'd the five hundredth part of the larger Note, either, or neither way, or in anywise from the result of the Circumference, Diameter &c. of a cicrle, for if not exactly correspondent thereto, then as for Instance, the following succession of Notes very slowly upon five bells, or very slowly upon any proper Keys or Strings of the Spinet,  Viz.

 

 

will, to a good Ear vers'd therein, or accustom'd thereto be discernibly false, as wanting of their sweetness

 

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For which Trial, seven different keys are to be had in an Octave upon the Spinet [from the common number of the Intervals thereon] besdies as from their Octaves &c. but as I have said before, it is a nice Matter to find 'em right truly sweet in one Ket, viz. as in supposing the Monochord out of the Question; but again, as in supposing, finding or making the first seven of these Notes [viz. the four strings on which they are taken] to be exactly in Tune by the Monochord, then the last Note [or key] may, to a good Ear, be discern'd to be false, when but the thousand part of the Note out of Tune, consequently ( as I may here add) far from having anything to do with the Tone Minor or the Tone Major,or consequently the whole with anything of the Nonsense thence created; but as with on the other hand, it is strictly to be averr'd (?) that the Properties of a Circle can only turn out the real Sacle of Musick, or that it is only as thence turn's out; consequently where can the fabulous perceptions of the Diatonick, the Chromatick, or Enharmonick Inconsistencies lie? as being manifestly [from what has been shown] only Matters of Fancy or Conceit without any beings at all!

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but still at the same time (excepting what has just been mention'd in the margin note where such small fault, or faults may be, is, or are not to be ascertsain'd and amended by the Ear alone, viz. without a strict Application of the Monochord, viz. with respect to this, the most accurate proof is to be had on Bells tuning, because they will so strictly stand to the Test of what they are, or may be set, and consequently as so, what is then done can the better be verify'd by the Monochord, since to the purpose and when accustom'd thereto, it can there be apply'd with great exactness, especially when good bells; but this succession of Notes or such like (and very slowly) is perhaps what no master of Musick ever as yet took any notice of, for by their generally, or naturally flying high, or as it were always, or at least for the most part drowning false Melody with Harmony, or rather from a drowning the imperfections of the one with them of the other, such plain beauties as these, whose exactness [in which the beauty consists] lying so very low, or near the Foundation becomes imperceptible, and that as here imply'd for want of nearer Speculation; * *

 

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I do not here discommend their flying high providing they could sometimes condescend or come so low as ought to be required; nor have I just here been speaking about what place or places such Notes may be taken upon the Spinet, their Lowness in the Sense here meant, being at or towards the upper end there-of , as well as in the middle or towards the lower, i.e. in whatever place they are taken, their sweetness, or the exactness in such Succession ought still to be the same [viz. in any one of their seven proper Keys, as afforded from the common Number of Keys in each Octave upon that Instrument] as in the Note above.

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and therefore, as condemning what has been done through mis-apprehension or ignorance, one would think it high time for a Rectification, and that is as chiefly for the House or Service of God, so that good Voices which Pace the Steps of Nature, in Singing to His Praise, may not, as it were in the least be any longer contradicted or interrupted by the false tuning of the Organ,

 

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 But Dr. Smith says the Voice-part of an Anthem ought not to be play'd on the Organ; but if so, neither then (for the same reason he gives) ought the Congregation-part of a Psalm-Tune, as sung in a Church, thereupon to be play'd, but was that the Case [or to be the case] then certainly to have an Organ in a Church, would at the best be but to little purpose, not that I have ever heard [but this is as withal from other reasons] a Psalm so well perform'd with an Organ, as I have heard it done without, no indeed, not by far! but not withstanding bad as it is, or has all along been, such performances as in London without an Organ are, or would even as it were be nothing; but Dr. Smith speaks of the perfectness of the Violin, Violincello &c. but not in a perfect manner; for in recourse to Scripture, where King Hezekiah says we will sing my songs to the stringed Instruments &c. there is no reason in the least so to doubt but that the Instruments he there speaks of had certain fixt places for the Notes, or rather than upon each String only one Note was taken; but as without lying any stress thereupon... it is certain, that upon the Violin and Violincello fixt places [if they can be hit] are dictated by the Ear to the Fingers, and not that any one Note is ever, or can be ever upon them made better viz. by being humour'd in sometimes stopping a little flatter or sharper as, as my our Temperament Monger's suggested, b ut rather that as on the contrary from the Performances consisting of partly suffering faults must be concealed , for certainly [and in them, as they are us'd an impossibility] true Melody, and in consequence thereof true Harmony must require each Note, or any one Note when ever touch'd in any Tune to be always exactly at the same pitch as with respect to the rest!  and therefore, if the Organ had by it tuning, and as with equality of Wind from its Bellows each Note exactly at the fixt place requir'd [I say exactly, it being a very nice to? be done] and would as moreover exactly stand when set, it would be more perfect than these other Instruments as without Frets can possibly be, the nature of their Voices as with the fingering excepted f or I well know from Experience that a Spinet or Harpsichord, by my Monochord, can be as agreeably in Tune as any good Voice can sing, i.e. for the Time they will stand, but the which indeed is sometimes but for a little Time: but it must be allow'd that the Organ i s a very bad, unfit, or unqualify'd Instrument on which to try Experiments [ see Page 32]  tho' still at the same time it might be a very good one, whereupon to put in execution what other Instruments say is right, or what by other means is, or can be prov'd to be true, but what some other Instruments have by times, as well as the Voice for a long time [as even from the Creation] manifestly said what was right [consequently long before any Temperament, as with respect to Melody was surmis'd[ was never rightly interpreted, that not being possible to be done, ro known, at least to a Mathematical rxactness without some Basis to build upon, neither as thence untill the Completion of such an Apparatus, or of such Apparatuses founded thereon as I through Providence found means to Accomplish, tho' no great lover of Musick, viz.any further than for, or towards its chief Intent, and so as it had pleas;d God to give me a good Ear, as well as other Qualifications, and necessary Materials to the purpose, and a s wondering where was the Matter that a Tune could be sung so perfect, as well as to be upon some Instruments seemingly play'd perfect, and as when oblig'd to be made as such stuff as was said (and especially by our Musical Mathematicians) to be imperfect; a grand Mistake indeed! for I found that the essential Foundation of Scale of Melody was in itself really and truly perfect, i.e. so as without any the least Bearing, Suffering, Temperament, Latitude &c. to turn off a Tune to the nicest degree imaginable, or that could ever be wish'd for, and accordingly I found, that as thence on course it requir;d to be as nicely dealt withal, viz. when in order to the Verification of the Thing, and that as in consequence thereof, Theory could have nothing to do in the Mater; and this besides my own Assurance I have had confirm'd by some Organists, as well as by many others of Skill from the hearing Tunes upon my Viol, when, as turn'd off from Fretts, upon the Foundation set forth in this Book, as thence owning, or declaring the same to be to Perfection itself: And as farther in consequence thereof, I also found the highest, or the most elegant Degrees of harmony to be as thence produc'd and as attested by some good Players upon the harpsichord, yea notwithstanding the Suggestions of our Reason to the contrary, yea That I found had likewise as little to do in this part of the Matter as in the other: And here it may be worthy remark that some Church Organs have already been tuned according to my Principle, or as I may more properly say, according to the Voice of Nature [viz. as nearly thereto, or to such my Discovery as the Tuners, without assistance from a Monochord could well come] and as thence found by their Masters or Players to be exceedingly well in Tune, yet the Tuners durst not tell the Players or Doctors that they had caried from what has so long been practiced.

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START Lucy notes:

King Hezekiah is also known by the name Ezekiah.

It could be this verse from King James version:

 

2 Chronicles 29:25   And he set the Levites in the house of the LORD with cymbals, with psalteries, and with harps, according to the commandment of David, and of Gad the king's seer, and Nathan the prophet: for [so was] the commandment of the LORD by his prophets.

2 Chronicles 29:26   And the Levites stood with the instruments of David, and the priests with the trumpets.

2 Chronicles 29:27   And Hezekiah commanded to offer the burnt offering upon the altar. And when the burnt offering began, the song of the LORD began [also] with the trumpets, and with the instruments [ordained] by David king of Israel.

2 Chronicles 29:28   And all the congregation worshipped, and the singers sang, and the trumpeters sounded: [and] all [this continued] until the burnt offering was finished.

2 Chronicles 29:29   And when they had made an end of offering, the king and all that were present with him bowed themselves, and worshipped.

2 Chronicles 29:30   Moreover Hezekiah the king and the princes commanded the Levites to sing praise unto the LORD with the words of David, and of Asaph the seer. And they sang praises with gladness, and they bowed their heads and worshipped.

This was the closest I could find on Bible search site.

END Lucy Notes:

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i .e. in supposing the Organ, and with any the most p roper Construction would exactly stand to what it might be set and when at the same time [as from its Construction] the better than hitherto suit [ viz. in any Tune necessary and fitting for the Church] the most natural Pitch coherent to each as with respect to the Nature of Haumane Voices, and that in all degrees of natural Heat and Cold, the which must be absolutely necessary towards good singing, for I know from Experience, that one eight part of the larger Note, nay even the one tenth part, viz. as touching at any time, the there most convenient becoming, or necessary Pitch for any one Tune, will in Some measure break break Squares amongst a Company of good Pslam Singers,

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But in this point it is to be understood , that perhaps such may be excluded the Question as might (as below) be pick'd out of Thousands.

 

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and wherein it must, or ought to be understood as with regard to their Perfection or good Performances, that that Pitch, or the most convenient Pitch for some Tunes will withal require to be taken a little different to that for others, and wherein without Experience [as in that material Part of Divine Service, the Praising of God] one would think the same Pitch might do right well, whenas to the contrary, it will not so be found prov'd or verify'd I in the said time Divine Service; and whenas also, and that as farther in general, and for any and the same Tune, viz. in Order that it may be found to the singers, or seem to them at the same Pitch [or be to them at the right Pitch] somewhat flatter is requir'd in the After-noon than in the Fore-noon, viz. as given or so from a Pipe with proper Divisions upon it to be given

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That is with smallish Divisions upon its Stopper, as of 10ths of the larger Note at or about the place to be us'd; For for this purpose, there is no occasion for the Notes of the Gam-ut (as they call it) with Flats and Sharps, that being as nothing at all to the matter; Pslam-Tunes, and as according to the course of Nature, viz. for a company of good  

Sungers [I speak from Experience], not requiring to be play'd in different Keys, altho' at different pitches, but still, no farther different, than as only to be as it were a near Neighbour to some such one and the same Instrumental Key or Pitch, viz. as may respectively be required.

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a nd the same to be unhandl'd [viz. in the time of Divine Service] save only just for the time or times of Pitching: Now there are needful Niceties or facts which the Organ [as unsuitable to other Improvements] hitherto debars [for instead of having what ought to be to the Purpose, to have a many superfluous or impertinent Stops] and in consequence of which, well might there be such Complaint as hath in some Places been viz. upon the bringing in of an Organ, as thereby depriving Consorts of good Psalm Singers of the Content and Happiness they otherwise had had therein; and as here in the first place for want of a more suitable Construction; for certainly [was it possible] the singers ought not in the least as through improperness of Pitch to be disoblig'd, but however, as when with an Organ, or with the Assistance of an Organ at no time above 1/8 of the larger Note too flat or too sharp, for even in Reading, where without any scope in ascents and descents of the Voice, it would be very inconvenient for the Parson to be oblig'd to take or keep his Voice at so much as 1/2 the larger Note higher or lower than what he naturally likes, or chuses to have it; and tho' such a Nicety, as here above treated of with respect to Pitch, be not much wanted for the way of such Anthems &c. as us'd in our Cathedrals, viz. by such persons as are there, or can be there set a=part for the prupose,

 

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 As here and there one, as it were, out of thousands, whenas it is said, sing unto the Lord all the whole earth, so not only in the cathedrals, or Bishops Churches upon the Earth, but as everywhere, thereby to declare the wonders that he doth for the Children of Men.

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neither as also, according to the Nature of Children's Voices, to be without any farther, or other Construction [viz. with one Part chiefly sung] a great help, as for Instance it is, as us'd in the Chappel at the Foundling Hospital London, and certainly much to the Commendation of the same

+++ Start of Footnote

But here, as touching such Singing, it is alas to be remark'd, that was it in the power and disingenuity of a Parson, or of some Parsons, as well as perhaps of here and there a wrong Headed Person among the Laity, it would stand but a bad chance of soon becoming as nothing, or rather could never have been at all [for, for the most part, and as contradictory to the Matter, when it must be to the pleasure of a Parson, it must not, or cannot be much to the Praise of God] consequently such Parsons and Persons can be said to be no small encouragers towards the Play-House; nay indeed several of the Parsons themselves when they come to Town, cannot take their departure without visiting the Play-House or Opera; nay perhaps come out of the Country on purpose; or as I have known a young one to come to have the Spirit of God more strongly confirm'd upon him by the Bishop, and not to have been able to take his Departure without making a visit there, just the same as when upon their first setting off for the University must take their Departure from the said Play-House; well it may be said, and why not? for ought a King ever, or at any time to be debar'd from going to what they call or may call a Theater Royal, so why should They? yea notwithstanding what to the contrary, and in the highest degree respecting them, has from time to time been advanc'd by some of the Clergy themselves in the Pulpit, and may still as farther, or hereafter be there advanc'd by others according to the same Mistake, viz. as in supposing it to be a Mistake, since in former Ages of the World, Kingly Power and Priest's Authority were united in one and the same Person, as we read to be the Case with Melchizedeck; but perhaps that might be before either Pulpit or Stage were erected; and farther, it is only after which Order now that Christ is a King and a Priest, and that for ever; so therefore, tho' a King may with authority go sometimes to a Play-House yet it can hardly ever be right for a Priest, nor consequently, at any time for a Priest to write a Play.

 

E nd of Footnote+++

 

yet in order so good Psalm-Singing in general [as in three or four Parts] absolutely necessary as I have shewn; I say absolutely, unless it be as common, and that as very bad, or at least as not at all Commendable, viz. that the Organ makes more noise that the singers; whenas on the other hand, and as in the first place, the singers, as the chief Instruments, ought never with respect to Pitch to be disoblig'd by the Organ, neither, as secondly, ought the harmony of their Voices to be drown thereby; nor as thirdly ought it ever to be play'd in such a disagreeable manner, wherein as hereafter they can have no delight to Sing. See Pages 85,86.

 

But so far as hitherto treated but wherein as already, in a small measure imply'd It is not all which ought to be thought about, or taken notice of in the Matter, and the which indeed was my chief drift in writing this Book; for it ought as a great deal farther, or as a Tenor to the same to be wish'd that Psalmody might [ as in the more high respect] be better handl'd than what it is, and as most especially in London; and that is so as to make up a far better Part of Divine Service, viz.more to the Praise and Glory of God [Pursuant to the Clark's Proclamation] than what it generally does, there being room for it so to do;

+++ Start of Footnote

* Room enough sure, since there is a wide difference between a right use, and a cloked paltry abuse of the Thing; insomuch, that instead of setting forth the Praise of God, in a handsome manner, or as according to the Exhortations of the Psalmist, the so celebrating the remembrance of His wondrous Works, so be the most Churches, and especially  in London hardly worthy any notice of, nay such, the (ridiculously famous) call'd choice of which, as at one Church therein, not at all excelling the rest, yea notwithstanding that pretence towards the purpose in their poor Scrap of the 95 Psalm; for in which paltry piece-meal work as there us'd,  and as besides the meanness or non-excellency of the Translating, and the which as so, would not bear setting out in a handsome manner, was that to be done as a laudable part of the Matter, and as then far to exceed any Shake or Interlude upon an Organ: But as already intimated, and as here to be spoken of, such a Shake or Interlude may best suit with weakness of some Parsons, as fearing, lest the ingenuity of the Clark, the goodness of Pslamody, or richness therein should take their Business, or some of their Business out of their Hands, the which they [as most likely] would to their Honour rather have to be neglected, so that neither they themselves nor any Body else might so the thoroughly suitably, or fully know what's then in hand save only the Sound of the Organ; by which means the Praises of God, with other Divine vertues and Instructions in the Psalms suffer Eclipses, and as moreover from the manner the Parsons, and especially in London settle themselves upon the Bench, or sit gazing about 'em in the Pulpit, [ for by

,which means the Interludes, where such are play'd, become more to be regarded, or of greater value than the subject Matter of any Scrap of a Psalm can be possibly be whence the same is render'd a Shadow only, nay even a meer Shadow indeed, instead of the Substance whenas , rather than to think the Clarks as duly Qualify'd [ and as without Interludes &c. upon the Organ, and as for the most part avoiding scraps of Psalms, or any pretended Wisdom thereby above that of the Psalmists] should take any of their Business out of their Hands [viz. by their going out the scope of the Psalms in a proper manner, or as by not letting their Divine Drifts, or Sacred Precepts to be smother'd] they had much better shew themselves to be rightly skill'd, or to have skill in Musick, as also in the right use thereof, and as thence take upon them to be good Clarks as well as good Parsons. i.e. according to the chief Intent of the same, and not as it were to drive, or in no wise whatever [Affirmatively or negatively] to affect its Effects to be driven [as now in common] from the Church to the Play-House; for even as in my talking with Dr. Smith about the excellency or preheminence of our Singing, viz. at the parish Church to which I belonged in the Country, he allow'd [as I from experience affirm'd] that such Singing would do a great deal of good [yea a great deal] but said he, how or where must we get good Clarks? and it is certain that King David, to his purposes employ'd  Jeduthun the chief Musician; and as moreover in the Psalms is shewn much of the Commendation of such Performances, as chiefly in Psalm 87, and Christ, when he came to reform the World in other Things did not in the least contradict it: and laudable [viz. contradict the good management, of such the everlasting or universal Gospel] viz. as in the praising of God]: But to return to the proceeding of the above cited Church, there is withal the repugnancy and untakingness of the Tunes, as in Jersey Tune for one, as being as it were made of very bad Jersey and too much twisted, and as together in another respect very unfit for a Psalm to which it is set, or rather for a Scrap of that Psalm to be so falsely or meanly adapted thereto, meer Balderdash indeed; I say besides these, many, or most of the Psalms as chiefly setting forth the Praise of God are there quite left out, or debar'd the Question, And surely this must be as ill or worse than was Bishop Beveridge's striving to debar or surpress the Use of the new Version of Psalms, or else it must be a Branch of the same Nonsensical thing; whenas he afterwards thought it most proper to stop the spreading of his Book, and certainly then in the right. yea so if what the Royal Psalmist says be at all to be regarded, or the remindment or Example thereof in the Gospel of Christ, for after His last Supper with his Apostles, or upon the Institution [to them] of that Holy Sacrament [or his giving Instruction about the Matter] an Hymn to the Praise of God, and that probable a very long one, according to Dr. Hammond was sung; the which Hymn, as he had reason to think consisted of Psalms 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, and 118: and certainly we are not to understand that that was the only time at which they sang, for it is otherwise imply'd in the very Words following, And when hey had sung an hymn &c.; and as farther for instance we are not to suppose that the 47,77,89, 91, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 110, and 111, Psalms ought to be anymore out of fashion now, than as when first made.

 

A ^ Take this underline in the Supply Book Page 43 at A.Lucy Note: Cannot find this underline. Instruction is at top of Page 67 of the manuscript. It may be missing or included elsewhere in this document

 

 

t hat would be as much as Heathen like to suppose the Royal Psalmist to be under a great Mistake in makin' 'em, and in consequence thereof, we might extend our suposition farther, as that whether He was not under a mistake not only in His prophecying, but even in his making or Singing any Psalms at all; whenas we are to suppose that if his prophecies or Prophetical Psalms be not already fulfill'd, they still are to be, or else, a deal of the Scripture of truth [as according to Daniel &c.] must be thrown aside, or needs not at all to be notify'd or regarded as certainly must be thought the best by most or at least by several of our Parsons; and therefore or as notwithstanding what's in these Psalms to the contrary, or in all scriptural and certainly we are not to understand that that was the only time at which the sang; for it is otherwise imply'd in the very Words of the following, And when they had sung an Hymn &c.; and but as notwithstanding what's in these Psalms to the contrary, or in all Scriptural Incitements whatever of Ignorance, or something else, to be now to be the Standard or Rule of the Matter? the case may be quite different! [as thence] any the smallest piece-meal Hodge-podge as now is common, and even in the Old Version may do, i.e. if it does but serve to occupy the time in which the Parson goes to the Communion Table, or into the Pulpit, and for which purpose I have heard a Parson in London order the Clark to sing but one verse, and in which [as always the most principal in the Churches in London] the Charity Children were as it were the head, as if they had more occasion for Singing than any Body else [or had more occasion to [raise God in Singing than other People could have] and were then as in several other Churches set to such a Pitch, by or with the Organ, as to be even fit to split one's Head, and when at the same time only one Part sung, a strange Absurdity sure! I wonder what David (if present in the Flesh) would say to the whole or to such a proceeding in the Matter, there being therein more to be taken notice of than what just here been mentioning, as tending towards a Neglect or Disparagement, if not even to a Depravation as with respect to young men, viz. of what might by them, or through them be esteem'd as a Singing to the Praise and Glory of God! whenas on the contrary, there is not for the most part much better to be said of it, than as Lord Rochester once said to a Parish Clark after Service was over, viz. as followeth;

 

"Hopkins and Sterhold(?) had strange Squalms

"when they translated David's Psalms

"to make the heart full glad;

"But had it been poor David's fate

"to hear thou sing or them translate

"by G_d it would have made him mad."

 

And I should think it ought to be thought, that David could do no other, but as still to signify the same, even if he heard or saw but the degenerate handling of the Psalms, as ought now to be looked upon, or as now to be taken in general for bad; for Christ did not, or could not come take farther to this on a loose paper.

 

E nd of Footnote+++

and wherein after once in the way, and with the New version of Psalms, without any extravagancy of New-Fangledness, viz.neither as with respect to Tunes, nor any fanatical, or Whimsical alterations in the said Psalms themselves, as hath been scandalously done of late, viz. Alterations, even as it were for the most part, for alteration and confusion's sake, but as chiefly in some Places through misunderstanding,

 

+++++ Start of Footnote

But indeed, as the matter is handled in London, it can not much, of at all signify what version, or what foolish alteration may be made therein, as is in some Books of the New version, viz.as printed in the Year of the 133 Psalm, as being no better to be look'd upon, than as some poor fantastical Enthusiastical Methodist's taste of the Matter [as suiting perhaps better, according to their foolish Imagination, with their extremely fond Love Feasts] besides a many other foolish impertinent faults that are in the same Impression.

End of Footnote ++++

 

neither thence, as farther touching the Matter, could there be any necessity for other sorts of Anthems [none indeed excelling them when rightly handled], not but that other Anthems may suit with those who may best like 'em [i.e. where they never rightly think, if at all about these] and where along with an Organ, they can be well performed but not withstanding, be they evn ever so good, these however would certainly be a fine Establishment in Parish Churches, and as thence, with at least considering the extent of the matter; not to be suppos'd was so aim'd as? at first, as being according to Providence, a principal Motive towards making young Men, and therein not excluding others, nay all, as I have known from experience to have a greater delight to come to the Church; and therefore, it ought surely to be lamented as a Matter of Consequence, that ever such an establishment [or Divine Institution] should suffer an Eclipse, or be at all depriv'd of its force or influence, since, and as I have known it can be perform'd in a Parish Church to great Perfection, and therein consequently without yearly Salaries for the Singers, nor, as in the Country, hardly for the Clark either, as in the Country, hardly for the Clark either, and not the worse for that, since the Praising of God may nevertheless go on for as touching hte Clark, whether Clark or not, he, as also the Singers ought at least to go to Church on Sundays, and as chiefly there and then to Praise God;

 

++++ Start of Footnote

But it may be observ'd, that as with respect to any Notify'd Singing [so far as hitherto] it is only exprest in our Common Prayer Books, that In Quires or Places where they sing, here followeth the Anthem, as thence intimating [so far as can well be seen from experience] that where in such Places, as some Parsons ( according to our Institution or Constitution) are oblig'd to Sing, or admit of such Singing for their Livings as some Musical Men may compose, here followeth the Anthem; and that there withal Singing Surplices must indeed be thought as proper as Praying Surplices in other Places, just as if there must be, or ought to be heavenly Musick there and no where else, because the Bishops &c. having good living there not mattering in that respect what becomes of or ought to pertain to the poor Farmers, Plow-men &c. else where, was they to do even more good than they do do" But however, let us pray that they neither be diminish'd, nor too much opprest about their Rents &c. but that they may continue to be of some Body, and in some way or other to have occasion to Praise God, and not to be as it were Annihilated, or banish'd out of the Nation; for, as in the past, and have some Spirit to sing to the praise of God their Creator, that being principally, according to the Royal Psalmist, what a Nation or Country is to be enjoyed for, or Blessed by; for as in the first place says Moses [providing their Children can but say, or as only pay their Catechism, that Ceremony or Institution not being as in an especial manner us'd in the great Church]; for in other Places, as over looking David or the Spirit of God in Him [and as to the Purpose here viz. in his exhorting young men and maidens, old men and children to the highest excellency in the praising of God] they hardly consider it as a Thing worth notifying to bring in [or to endeavour handsomely to bring in] the new version of psalms [i.e. the Psalms to some perfection] but that any will serve; as being being prehaps withal, in some so very low [ as with respect to other Places where they are not, as they may imagine oblig'd to sing] as to think (as already imply'd) that the duller the Psalmody the brighter the sermon may shine, whenas certainly, the Psalmist never thought that preaching was ever to explode singing; not that I should for my part, anywhere commend what they call an Anthem at the best, much less any Repeats therein but what the Royal Psalmist himself thought proper to make, as being on the contrary, just as if the psalmist had not as otherwise left us Scope or Subject enough, viz. without such means as that, whenas it is certain his measures are rightly understood, and certainly ought not so to be understood as to be thrown aside for want of explications;

End of Footnote++++

 

 

+ ++++ In a marginal Space against its place - START

 

Nay if the Psalms were rightly understood or was they so to be, such proceeding as are carried on, or such Matters as are commited would still be the more surprizing.

 

In a marginal Space against its place - END ++++++

 

++ Start Page 71 "Where does this go?"

 

says Moses, thou shalt rejoyce before the Lord thy God in all that thou puttest thine Hands unto; i.e. a nation must rejoyce; and therefore it can not be proper for a Gentleman in that he as not only can by several means divert himself, and rejoyce in the Play-House and can make a poor man to become as it were, more his arrant slave than his dutiful servant, or can even as so banish him out of the nation; [neither, as here imply'd for the Masters of common gin'd Manufactureries to oppress the Men or Families that do their Work, and as when they themselves do grow richer thereby than ever was before, for such as that may well be styl'd, as according to the Psalmist, a getting the Poor into their net &c, and whenas still, it might be ask'd, what at last would become of the rich?

 

End "Where does this go?" ++

 

but for the Purpose, and besides the neither (as I should think) any Figuring of Words, unless they could be sure of the Places where the Royal Psalmist also did or order'd the same to be, whenas it is not to be imgin'd that he either made, appointed or design'd anu Such Thing at all, and tho' it cannot be said but that the Fuguing of Sounds are very pretty and taking, yet at the same time it must be own'd that the fuguing of Words [ and whatever the Art may be in the Composer] can be no other than Nonsense or Imapertinence; but indeed, of which sort of Impertinence, several of our parsons are [and at no better than Random] very guilty even in the reading of the psalms, viz. in beginning their Verse perhaps when, or not much after the Clark and Congregation have half done theirs, tho' at the same time to be accounted as excellent preachers; but now, this sort of Impertinence must be with a different View to that of the other, as hence in order that the psalms may be the sooner got over, but the other [as with Repeats] that a little piece may hold (as according to the Musick master's pleasure) a great while, as if no farther portion of the Psalm &c. was worthy to be touch'd upon, no rather than so, such and such a bit must even be turn'd into vain Repetitions; and here it may not be amiss so remark, that [as well as the Book of Job] the Original of the Psalms, as when first made by David &c. and as us'd by the jews were in Meeter, viz. in Hebrew Meeter, as I not only have been told, but was shewn a Book of the same; but to return, what seem'd to suit one of these sort of Parsons, as here above, or as seemingly Non-worshippers best, as I once happened to observe when very cold, was to stay in the vestry by the fire side, 'till the devotional part of the Service was over (that being to be perform'd by another or by others) and then to repair to the Pulpit, and stoutly or boldly to preach a good Sermon, as being indeed a good sturdy Fellow, and one also, who at other times could lull or lammack himself very well upon the bench, viz. whilst the Singing, or as more chiefly, or properly Speaking whilst the Organ was in hand, just as if David, as with respect to future times, or any future time had lost all his labour; nay I have known one of this sort (as it were of Non-Conformists) who, when any one of the lessons appointed for the Day was a long Chapter, would frequently take a shorter in its stead, yet to be notify'd for preaching as above; nay and as farther 9 and as with out notifying any proper or set time for Divine service to begin, and as notwithstanding the exactness for that Purpose in our cathedrals, as well as was at the Temple of Jerusalem) some Parsons in the Country will so hurry or slur the whole Service over [theirs in the Pulpit excepted] that neither the prayers nor Psalmody [the most material] can signify any thing, save only so far as to be a meer Shadow of Ordinance to fulfill an Act of parliament; now these must be because such men ar unfit Parsons [as if at leasure or pleasure] must like the being in the Pulpit, or the founding, or rather as only [then] to found the Concionazimir? in a Church better than [ever] there to hear the sound of any Thing else, or any other Sound whatever, and tho' ever so much to the praise of God, for if not so in other matters, or not at all so, why do they not as at least with respect to Singing alter the Clark's Proclamation, as declaring so high as to Sing to the praise and Glory of God? and especially, why not varied when there was but little room to imagine that that could be thought as indispensibly necessary, when but one verse, besides the Sounding of the Organ before it and in it was to do? but i would not here be understood to have been speaking against the necessary use, or properness of the Sound of the Pulpit, but only against the too common, or apparently natural Aversion, disregard or disrelish to any other proper Sound, when, or where no Temporal profit to the Parson as thence can accrew, and whenas it is certain, that in all cases and Places Example is better than Precept; and Paul and Silas even in Prison, not only Pray'd but sang Praises unto God; nor has St. Paul anywhere said that there could be no other Kingdom to do any good besides preaching, for had he said so, he would then, not only have greatly contradicted King David, but also himself in what he advis'd, viz. to wherein the word of Christ { as he then thought best to express it] might dwell richly in all wisdom, notwithstanding his saying, as with respect to the Converting of the World from such Heathenism as was grown upon it, that (as even) by the foolishness of Preaching so and so; but as thence never intending that even the wisdom of Preaching should ever over-set that of David's Singing, as so specifickly exhorted by himself to the contrary; for as farther, had he any where meant so. it would have been as great an Absurdity as for a Mathematician to say or affirm that the Properties of a Triangle must be different in different Ages of the World, and in consequence thereof, so have or require new-fashion'd Trigonometry for the use of Astronomy, Navigation &c. in every Age, and whenas the religion of the Gospel itself, ( as well as the Original of the other, and withal that of my Production for the Longitude,) must in Effect be even as old as the Creation [ as being a Re-publication of the same, or of what was then ordain'd, by Jesus Christ] for according to St. John we read, in the beginning was the Word, &c. Or as thus in other had St. Paul anywhere meant as above, he might as well have asserted [for it would have been the same in effect as to have asserted] that because Christ, when in the Flesh upon earth, had, by his Almighty Power rais'd the Dead &c. that therefore, all the other wonderful Works which he had done [or the which were done by the same Omnipotence] as them in or pertaining to the deliverence of the Israelites out of egypt. &c. were to be forgotten, and consequently, then to be as it were without any connexion or Affinity between the miracles of the Old and new Testaments, whenas according to the psalmist [or Spirit of God] they not only ought to be had in everlasting remembrance, but also to be celebrated in the most becoming manner; a Thousand years withal, as with respect to the Almighty being but as one Day, so certainly it could never be meant that sucl miracles as are recorded in the Old testament were so soon [in David's way] to be forgotten [God Almighty being the same yesterday today and for ever]. But as touching my affair [or what I have for a long time been employ'd about] it may as here by and by be observ'd that even the Wisdom, so far as hitherto from the learning of the World [as of which St. paul at that time complain'd of, and tho' as now, in altogether better or highly commendable ways or matters] had never taught men to make a Time-Keeper for the Longitude, but had rather kept them from it, and as but with hards suffering them to believe it after such a Thing was done; but indeed, this latter point was in some [notwithstanding their being Rev.nd Men] chiefly through Villany as well as through Ignorance, as proposing in its stead, or as otherwise to discover the Longitude by a very deficient, tedious, troublesome or operose Method, and that for practice [or instead of Practice] to happen but seldom for Use, and wherein [viz. when so to be us'd] each or every Calculation, as experienced by Capt.n John Campbell and mr. Charles Green to require no less than 3 or 4 Hours to calculate, so consequently very liable to Mistakes therein, as well as not at present, or in a few minutes to be done, and as when sometimes to be greatly defin'd or quickly wanted, A famous Task of Figuring indeed when the Wind and Sea make a great Noise and the Ship in Agitation. and as when moreover ( and as already intimated] there may be a many clear Days and Nights and cannot be done at all, for according to the experience of the Persons here above mention'd could only be done sometimes somewhere in about two different sixth parts of every Lunation, [so what must be done in the rest?] and whenas consequently (and as just above intimated) as only then if happening, viz. at such the properest times, in each  [such sixth parts] to be clear; i.e. in other words, only when the clearness of Air and Horizon so happens to permit, at such the most convenient times, in the times when the Moon is between 40 Degrees and 100 distant from the Sun, or at most, in that respect, not much to be exceeded either way; and still as farther to be at the said times, or few opportunities ever attended with great difficulty or uncertainty in observing, for an error of 1 Minute of an Angle there [viz. in the distance of the Moon's motion [ and besides other matters or uncertainties coincident] an error of 30 Minutes or Miles in Longitude; so from the whole, one would imagine that they themselves [viz. the rev.nd Professors] could never have thought such a Method ever to be sufficiently practicable for the Purpose, had no money been depending! [yea even tho' an Act of Parliament, through inadvertency in its drawing up, should as thence seem to be fulfill'd, viz. by now and then, as it were by meer chance a doing something, and with a great deal of labour and Difficulty, towards the Longitude,] but as notwithstanding, if they in reality dis think so, and especially as in Competition with mine, then according to St. Paul, their Wisdom or Learning must make them Fools; t hey being indeed, as mostly in general with respect to Mechanicks very ignorant, as only pretending skilful, t hey being indeed, as mostly in general with respect to Mechanicks very ignorant, as only pretending skilful improper to break off or rise up from Prayer at the Place where the Anthem is appointed, excepting as  thence consider'd for an Indulgence to the Singers, as well as chiefly for the better carrying on the Subject of a Psalm in hand [the best sort of Anthem] where there is not a Sermon in the After-noon, but that is not the Case where I liv'd; for as touching the Matter it is certain, that the King must however think the 139th Psalm, as in the New version, to be one of the best of Anthems, when he confir'd  Knighthood [as I have been told} upon one of His Poets for his so handsomely translating it; viz. the Psalm, the highest esteem'd of the Hebrews. and therefore because of the excellency of the Matter [or of such Anthems] I will have insert our Division of it at Barrow  (as farther of such hereafter) together with that of the 101 st. for two Sundays.

 

                                             Psalm 139

        Mattins                                 |               Evensong

                                                |

1st, portion 5 Verses                           |

2nd, portion 5 Verses                           |       3rd. portion 4 Verses

 

both these in one Tune                          |

 

____________________________________________________________________________________

 

                                            2nd Sunday

 

Psalm 101                                       |   Psalm 139

1st. Portion 3 Verses.                          |

2nd, Portion the remaining 4                    |  4th Portion the last 4 verses.

 

both these in one Tune                          |

____________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

the necessary Ability in Clark, the which would not, as in the first place be wanting, but would be suitable chosen was it a Ply-House, and by such like means it is, that the Play-House acquires no small advantage whereby to keep the Ascendancy of the Church;

 

+ + Start of Footnote:

  Yea even so-far to excel, as that to have a single place there for one Evening to be accounted as worth 5 Shillings; whenas to have a place in a Church [and as chiefly for Sunday use] to be so lowly esteem'd as to be worth no more than 5 shillings a Quarter: But this is a Matter, and again as but only in the first place which neither Parliament, Church nor University give, or have given any ingenious, proper or suitable instruction about [for what is said upon the Occasion not being much to the purpose] insomuch that any, who for the most part can but make the Parson the best servant, or is the most likely so to do in other respects [not pertaining to the Matter] must make as primarily the best Temporal, nay, I may say as thence principally the best Spiritual Clark! whenas certainly, to answer the Proclamation of saying, Let us sing to the Praise and Glory of God, duly or worthily [i.e. so as That may, by his care and instruction to his fingers, as well as with what must be farther necessary, be handsomely laudably fulfill'd or discharg'd] is not to be accounted so unlearned by far, as it might be as only to say Amen, as is farther so perceiv'd by and by; no nor the most devoutly to say any prayer the which Amen is to sign, or ro which Amen is to be answer'd, for otherwise, what occasion had the Royal Psalmist to mention the chief Musician? since the devoutness of the Heart in Any, might be as well as in Him!  But according to the Royal Psalmist [Psalm 47 as in the new Version] your utmost Skill in Praise be shown &c. but as farther touching Praying, if in the Litany the Clark and Congregation was to say what the Parson says, and the Parson what they say, as was intended at first, an Act of Parliament as thence might still be fulfill'd just the same, tho' as the Matter is handl'd the Parson might then be said to be depriv'd of some of his work, and indeed it ought not as thence [or in that Case] to be thought so well, notwithstanding in cathedrals, Singing men (in Surplices) read the first Lessons.

E nd of Footnote +++

 

but as farther, I say for this Purpose [and as was for the same Intent erected in the Parish Church at the Place of my abode in the Country] there ought to be a place destin'd in the Church, so as in a proper manner to hold fifty or sixty young men; or more, as according to the largeness of the Church or Congregation, and with such elder Singers amongst them as may be convenient, or such as may to their liking think it convenient; yea (i say) so destin'd as well as that for an Organ, nay, if the Consequence of the matter could here be fairly shewn, it must be granted, to be by far, the more so of the two,

 

++ Start of Footnote:

The which Place is best to be in a Loft or Gallery, and in which, the basses [or the singers of the bass] must be in the Pews towards the Front, and in the Pews next above 'em the Tenors with admittance for a Contra or two, and the Trebles up behind, but all as facing the Congregation, and standing when singing; and certainly, so see a Gallery so furnish'd [or properly furnish'd] in the time of Divine service [and with decency in the behaviour of the Singers] is one of the prettiest sights in the World, yea a finer sight sure than to see the Nobility and Gentry at the Play-House, tho' the Singers may consist of Plow-men 2^, Carpenters, Smiths, Taylors, Shoe-makers, Weavers &c.; and as this was the Case, and certainly to the purpose in my Time at Barrow in Lincolnshire, I will therefore, for the most part speak of it, or for the respect I had for it, or for such Harmony as it was, draw up as followeth, tho' I fear I shall never any more, here on earth, hear such Performances in Singing, or such a well handling of the Psalms as I did there; but still I cannot tell, how far heaven may excel, notwithstanding the Play-House in London is now the most to be noted but I say of shall draw up as followeth, viz. as of the Psalmody at Barrow was still the same, tho' through indiscretion, or unreasonable Novelties it is very much declin'd, or as thence become pretty much degenerated towards such paltry work as in common, and as moreover by the extravagancy of Whims in reducing the Psalms to a Hodge-Podge by the frequency of selecting verses from here and there, the which no Song; even the meanest in the World would never admit of, and even as in consequence of which, it ought to be consider'd whether the Psalms in general will so admit or not, if rightly understood: but that on the contrary, the main Drift or Scope of the Psalms must be thereby Sacrific'd or lost! [a bad sort of playing, as exprest unto God, contrary sure to the original of the Psalms when so exprest], but however, such a proceeding as now in common cannot be said to be a far off Relation to the Changing the Tenor in the Ringing of Bells, but are as it were; hand in hand, two Monstrous Beauties, or rather, as otherwise to be express's, two disgraceful Indolencies as suffer'd to creep into the Church of England!

End of Footnote ++++

 

for even whether such a place or not, it might be allow'd that such young men ought to come to Church, and as so, must consequently each one have room somewhere, and therefore might as well have it to this Noble purpose [yea tho' it might be with some little expence] insomuch that they to whom it hath pleas'd Almighty God to give good Voices, might have a proper Motive, and that in the most laudable manner wherein to employ 'em, viz. according to the Exhortations of the Psalmist, and as with regard to the whole Congregation in making His Praise to be Glorious, and that whether with, or without the Sound of an Organ, but however with no other Notes being  play's thereupon but what the Singers sing, or may with reason delight to sing;

 

+ + Start of Footnote:

F or, not only according to the Psalmist, but as from and agreeable to other Parts of the Scared Writings, the Singers have a portion in the same Authority from Allmighty God, to be Instruments of Such Musick in the Church, as wherein the parson has there to Preach; nay, the praise, or the praising of God is to hold to Eternity, whenas preaching can but be only for present Instruction, and the which was, or must be the most necessary in converting the World to Christianity or to the knowledge of the true God [as was chiefly the case with St. Paul] for even now, or as already the great Parsons set no great value of it in the giving their Journey-men less wages than ingenious Trades-Men generally give theirs, not withstanding its being the main matter, or rather chief matter of pride &c. with them as I have shewn and shall as still farther shew; tho' indeed, it is not so ill, as when the High Priests took the tithes from the others and almost starved them to Death; but indeed as  but indeed, the Wages of the Play-House and Opera now run the highest of all; not but that there is yet indeed occasion enough for Preaching was it but to teach pretended Christians how to use Slaves better in other Countrys [for without which the Scripture cannot be said to be fulfill'd or that the Parsons ever intend to fulfill it, not meaning that they should go entirely as without Purse or Scrip, but as Christ's Disciples, they ought at all times, or in all Cases or Stations to make as little suffice as possible, for it must as in consequence, and as in holding to the New Testament be very strange, that the Bishops &c. should have so very much whenas our Lord and master their ??Pattern?? had so ver y little for according to the prophets, or the prophecy of Isaiah, it was, or is to be as Wine and Milk without Money or without price consequently, what is extremely otherwise could never be so intended by Christ; but to return} no notice of such inhumane Barbarity or Imposition] for [a Romish uprise ever taken; whenas besdies the Instructions of Christ to bring over all nations to his faith, the Psalmist cahorts the multitude of the Isles to rejoice or be glad because the Lord Jehovah is King, and for which Supremacy to advance his praise with understanding, and therefore certainly, not  instead of the Harmony thereof, for Christians to Un-Christian themselves by the repugnancy thereto, viz. as on the most miserable, torturing, deplorable Cries of their abusing poor unfortunate, Wretched humane Creatures!

 

 

?? and a greater Authority from the same Almighty being than our Nobility and Gentry have to go to hear the Diversions, or as for the most part the degenerate use of Musick else where; And surely, as even from reason only, it can be no worse in the Singers [or such Singers] in having a natural Occasion to take a little thought about this, rather than to have the same Occasion to run about there and there on Sundays they hardly know where; but taking care withal, or rather bewaring, as hinted above, of what might be call'd extravagancy as with respect to Musical Compositions, so as never thence to be  unnecessarily hinder'd in the pursuit or management of their respective Businesses on other Days.

 

End of Footnote:+++

 

 

 

b ut alas, what I have here said as touching this solemn matter can signify but small, it not being even in the power of any Precept whatever to occasion a right Amendment,  or laudable Reformation therein, it being Example [ the which is higher than Precept, and especially in this Case&c. and as with suitable Tunes] that is wanting, and then (as consequently from what has been shewn) to be kept to, the which I had some Years ago in the Country the Pleasure and Happiness to see the Effect of, and that for the Space of several years: But however before I conclude I will ( as in some measure intimated insert five of the Psalm-Tunes sung in the Country Church to which I belong'd as also, as far as I well can, their manner of Handling them, the which may serve as a tast of the Psalmody [or rather of the suitable Variety in the plain Psalmody] there us'd, viz. to any who can, not only Play upon the Spinet, but may hereafter be able to have it Tun'd according to Nature as I have shewn, from whence they will find both the Melody and Harmony to be truly good; I say they may serve as a Tast wherefrom to see the beauty or Truth of Such Melody and harmony in Psalmody, and thereby as withal imply'd [according to my other Drift] that of their Essential Foundation, but still, not the Excellency of the Matter, as when apply'd to its noble purpose, as by or from a Body of more than fifty Singers, no, such Musick then indeed, as with which no ther in the World can rightly or truly vie; and this upon the hearing in the Time of Divine Service [as making then a very Graceful, and Laudable part of the same] I heard confest by an Organist who had [sometime after he first had heard of it] so far prevail'd upon himself as to come (from another Town) to hear it; as also at another time by a gentleman who said he had heard all the best Singing with Musick in England, as at the King's Chappel Royal &c., but none like what he then had heard, and the which [at first] occasion'd the said gentleman to cast his Eyes about the Church to see where the fine Organ was, but to his surprize found none but the Singers; hence surely well might it add to King David's Lamentation, if he, as in his Exile [Psalm 42] was debar'd from such a like Consort [and in which we do not find that he then withal wanted the Charms of a Play-House, Masquerade, Opera &c.] but as more especially so the jews, according to their Lamentation in the Captivity of babylon [Psalm 137]!

And the same Gentleman here mention'd, tho' quite a stranger to the Place, was please'd in the Evening to give the Singers a Treat, since the Performances he had heard that day [viz. that Sunday both in the Fore-noon and After] were, and that besides the laudableness of the Subject, so highly Superior to what Miss suxh a one, and Such a one &c. could make or perform at the Play-House.

Now, with us, The Tenor is the Part in which the Congregation join with the Singers, as being indeed the most consistent with reason that it should be so; but to take or suppose the said Congregation part in the G Cleff, as common by our Musicians of late would be with regard to psalmody, apparently to annihilate a whole Octave in the very prime of the Compass of Nature: was it not to be understood that the said Tenor [or whatever they may call it] and as with the other Notes or (as they manage the Matter) improper Attendants are meant to be play'd upon the Organ, an Octave higher, or more distant from the Bass sing: And it is to be understood, that with respect to playing such psalmody upon the Spinet, the bass must be play's double i.e. the Octave below what Voices sing must also there be taken, or else it will be too poor.

 

But here it must be highly necessary to remark [ as already imply'd ] that we were not ignorant of the manner in which Psalmody is perform'd upon the Organ, or as Instance in Windsor Tune by Dr. Blow, wherein [after some Trials] a sufficient number of our Singers could take for their Part one of the three Notes as play'd thereupon with the Right or Treble hand, whilst others of  'em could take another, or others of the said Notes, and go on sounding co-temporaneous with them who sung the Notes of the Tune, the Bass being also sung at the same time, viz. in all the Notes as there set [them only excepted where the Voice could not go so low] but this, tho' for some Experiments well perform'd [ notwithstanding the Unnaturalness, Difficulty or Absurdity] was such Psalmody, as I am very sure all the World could never have perswaded our Singers to have had any the least delight in; and [at last] they greatly desir'd that I would never trouble 'em with any such impertinent nonsense anymore; not but that I knew, or saw what it would be before I desir'd them to try it, and hence it may be infer'd that our Organists chiefly affect the making of a great Noise, not mattering as it were what the Words of a Psalm, and the Voices of Singers, as in a Parish Church can signify.

 

Now I have said above that the Tenor is the part (with us) in which the Congregation join with the Singers, but it is therein highly to be remarke'd that no one Person in the whole makes too much noise, but as letting the strength of the matter lie amongst them; the most properly allowe'd or styl'd to be Singers; it being withal to be understood that here and there one may join in the Bass i.e. if their Voices best, or only suit thereto; as also most becoming the Parson, as well as prehaps the most easy for his Voice, not meaning for him to sing as he goes up into the Pulpit &c. but still he may if he will. and as thereby shewing withal his Assent to good Psalmody, and not to his reproach an Instrument towards its hinderance; neither withal to settle [or lull] himself upon the Bench, or sit gazing about as most common in London whilst the Organ [or all the time the Organ] with their Singing is in hand just as if that neither was, nor could be any other than as a Matter quite foreign to Him, or to what He had to say; or in other words, as if it neither had, nor could have its Foundation upon the same ground with the other Part, or with any other Part of Divine Service [ as being indeed very much frustrated or debar'd from the bad handling of the Matter, and as when at the same time, not perhaps desiring, or permitting it to be better, not perhaps desiring, or permitting it to be better if so it could be, but rather as otherwise chusing, if possible on the contrary, that no such Thing should even be at all, Whenas certainly God Almighty ordain'd that Man should sing, as well as He did the lark and Linnet. but even as it were, at all events, the Play-House to take the Advantage] as indeed it cannot well be otherwise notify'd in London, the case not being how well, or how handsomely such and such a Psalm was manag'd or might be manag'd, but only, how many stops are there in the Organ? and if the Organists plays well after Sermons [or After the Service] &c.!

              

L et the Tunes follow here.

 

 

N ow it may be observ'd that the three of these Tunes which are Sharp-Key Tunes, and as here set in A, will require in one place D# and not Eb, but that is but a small Defect in Comparison to what I am here about to shew  

 

++ Start of Footnote

For, as the Organ ought not to make so much noise as the Singers, such as the Singers, such a Note as that might upon it be omitted if not thereupon to be had, for my no means [according to the true, or natural Scale of Musick] will Eb do in lieu of D#; nay as the Organ ought not to make so much noise as the Singers, it would not be amiss if now and then a whole Line or Verse was thereon omitted, but might rather with Discretion be sometimes better; and consequently, if the organist cannot play all the notes that the Singers Sing, it must however be best not to touch any they do not sing, the Octave below the Bass excepted, as also excepting the Octave, for sometimes a single Note or two in the Tenor, when the Treble cannot otherwise be reach'd; but as oft times otherwise, viz. when in the Tenor Part, more Notes than one, or as when perhaps three or four are to go to a syllable, the Treble and Contra Notes then corresponding may upon the Organ as best be omitted, as will then be without any the least loss to the Singers, nor may to be perceiv'd for the worse; and the same may be said as touching the Octave below the Bass, viz where more Notes than one must go to a Syllable in the said Bass.

End of Footnote+++

 

and that is, if the said Tunes be taken in Bb then the Pitch, as I have reason from Experience to suppose would, at least most frequently be too sharp, viz. as with respect to what might be requir'd in order for a Consort of good Psalm-Singers; as likewise with respect to the same chief purpose, A as on the other hand, and if not for the most part, yet at least oft-times would be too flat, viz. when cold; or as in other words, it is certain, be the general Pitch of the Organ what it all or can be [as Constructed] that neither of them [nor any other] can at all times give the most natural Pitch requir'd, so imperfect is the Instrument [viz. this our famous Instrument the Organ] for what ought to be [as in the first place] its principal design; and worse than this is to be expected [i.e. in other bad accounts besides this] where there is or may be a pretense of help to good psalm Singers in a Church from Hautboys, Bassoons &c. [nay, they must certainly be but bad Psalm Singers if such Things afford them help]; consequently, and even as it were in this general view, a better construction, viz. of the Organ, ought to be as indispensibly necessary, but the more so as being agreeable to the tenor of what I have spoken, as farther from Experience above [Page 61]: But indeed, this cannot for the most part but be hardly material, since the Singing to the Praise of God is only [as now in general] like a Thing thrust in by the by, viz. as in Scraps poorly handl'd in our Parish Churches, the Parsons even or the most part, according to our Constitution [or as in the highest Degree] being there as they think in themselves, or in what they have as otherwise to say far more to be admired, or to be as thence more Noble than the Thing contains to, or can ever be

y ea notwithstanding the high Exhortion thereto from the 100 Psalm, and thought proper, or as in chief to be us'd or read after the second Lesson in the Morning as well as in the overlooking what is to the Purpose as farther express'd in other Psalms; but I say as notwithstanding all which to be still on the contrary just as if a Psalm [tho' well handl'd] could bear no proportion in the least to

as to be even quite repugnant to the Humour of most Parsons, excepting as when in Cathedrals for their Livings as above, or as not being agreeable to what St. Paul express'd of he Matter, viz. to the same rich  Spirit of Wisdom as the Psalmist, where, as in the first place to prefer or advance, and as by the help of the chief Musician the wonderful Works of Almighty God, viz. before he descends to other Matters tho' ever so much Material, as in the 19 Psalm, and as agreeable to which in the 8 Psalm, the 136 and 33, and as not over-looking the Parallelism to these as in the 95, whenas the Royal Psalmist (as is to be observ'd from his own Phrases) had not, nor could not in that Age of the World have the astonishing Reasons whereby to admire the same as we now have, and that from the Improvement of the Talents wherewith the Almighty was pleas'd to endow us, and that certainly to his pleasures, as not being according to the bad

 

+ +Start Where does this go?

 

b a Sermon! whenas that (as I have said before Page 13) must be just as if the Royal Psalmist had lost all his Labour, save only so far as wherein [and as according to the mistakes of many] for the present time to suit him

^c as being even quite repugnant

to Page 2 following at c, and that to 89.

 

c  and whenas there are but few, or as even but 2 or 3 Psalms which have such Matter contained in them, as might prehaps, tho' still have been but hardly thought to be so; but however, and as even with Praise and Thanksgiving, the Matters for the most part so happen as to be quite repugnant to

 

:Where does this go? End.++++

 

use of the Talent in the Gospel, but as through Art and Diligence to a full Proof or Justification of what ought certainly in the highest Degree to be admired [save only in the creating of living Creatures, and especially in that of the creating of man the Admirer, and as ought to be the Admirer, and as together with His redemption to be excepted], I say, to a full proof of what St. paul, as well as the Psalmist was Ignorant, Eclipses are known when to happen for many Years to come as likewise the Transits of the Planets over the Disk of the Sun, viz. of them of the two, the which, as with respect to That we Live upon can so be, y ea as thence I say (and as not to speak much farther of the Works of God here) So far as to be to a full Proof of the motion or motions of this our earth [the Periods, of which being taken into the Computations], and tho' we cannot in the least conceive, how after ( as well as the rest) it was [as beyond all (Comprehension)], created out of nothing, that it should or could (and still again as well as the rest that are moveable) have such motions impress'd or inforc'd upon it, viz. as that of its Diurnal, together with that of its Annual, and as amazingly for the better not both in one Plain, but certainly (without our consideration) at the most proper, or most convenient Angle different; I say, tho' we cannot at all conceive how these could commence, yet we are sure that so they are, or so it is [altho' unknown to the Psalmist Moses, St. Paul &c.) and as thereby, not only to be preserv'd from a Conflagration by the Sun, but as thence on the contrary [for purposes of the Almighty] by its Providential distance to receive its enlivening Benefits of warmth thereform but I have said, to be preserv'd from a Conflagration [or from its falling, or being attracted to the Sun] its Annual motion being, as must the most stupendiously be, viz. as respect to its distance from the Sun not less than fifteen miles in a second of Time  % % Note on a loose paper%% take farther to this.

But as now to return, and as notwithstanding any such untunableness pride or meanness as intimated above in several of our Clergy, and even as taking the matters according to the Psalmist's expressions, I must say as on the other hand, As the Singing to the Praise of God ought to be so the highest perfection possible, or as in doing of which ought to be the chief use of Musick, and not as it were to throw David and his Dedications aside, the 51 Psalm, as well as the 39 &c. not being withal undedicated, viz. by the Royal Psalmist himself to the chief Musician, but that as thence, even Their Subject Matters might as by Musick be the more properly or adequately handled (and the which Indications in Latin is put for the first Verse), I should therefore in the Whole, think it as highly necessary for a thorough Rectification, as touching the matter in every respect, as it was for me to contrive and accomplish a Time-Keeper for the Longitude at Sea; and according to the tenor of which, as I had had so much experience of the thing, and that as from the most suitable opportunity as well as from (as Providence had order'd the Matter) necessary ability, I thought it my bounden Duty to write about it, tho' as imply'd above there is small hopes of any success for tho' what's just here above mention'd, viz. as touching the Longitude was thought to be an Impossibility, yet notwithstanding it is to be fear'd that this will be found a greater Difficulty [viz. a Difficulty surpassing such an Impossibility] and that because through Custom, it is well known [as well as through the Ignorance, Indiscretion, or great Imperfection, as otherwise allow'd of unknown, and that besides what I have, as just here above been farther treating of] that the Organ as it is, does very well for playing the Voluntaries of the Organists after the Reading psalms, and also, as happens for the most part [as not meaning of all the Organists] their Jigs after Sermon, tho' for want of proper, or due Experiment it is not fairly descry'd (unreadable - descrybed or described?), so as not to be found truly suitable with a Company of good Psalm Singers so as whereby the better to Celebrate, according to the Psalmist [ viz. in the most solemn, Elegant, and consequently laudable manner] the wonderful Works of Almighty God; save only so far found, and as it were without any noted reason to the Matter, that so soon as an Organ comes, the Singers [if there be any or were any] must have done, their Performances being then frustrated instead of their being help'd thereby, and they not well knowing how to answer to the Case, neither if they did might they be heard. whenas in fact, it is such Compositions, or thorough Bass work at all times as instanced in Windsor Tune above, and as for the most times, with unsuitableness in Pitch, that it can do no other than quite unhinge them; but however in Congregations, or in all Congregations knowing no better ^c they can, according to their Ignorance ball or squawl away, (viz. in their piece-meal Hodge-podge) along with the Organ; therefore in which case, or as with respect to the use of Musick, the Play-House has by far the advantage; the masters thereof, contrary to the Parsons, so well approving of the Matter, and as thence so their Purpose better applying it [or at there suffering it the better to their purpose to be apply'd]; for the most part, the Parson of a Church [and in a Church] will have the Importance of this Divine Gift to be but so very low or mean, as hardly to be worthy of any notice, or as there would have it so to be render'd [viz.like the deaf Adder that stoppeth her Ears] notwithstanding his being denominated the Shepherd to conduct his Sheep to the other Land of Canaan [and as when they do not rightly give thanks for the present] and as notwithstanding its great, powerful, and natural influences towards that Purpose on towards good when rightly 6 or intelligibly apply'd, and well perform'd nay as still farther , and as chiefly to be regarded, not withstanding all King David's Inducements or Instruments relating to the Matter! whence consequently, from such stupid or unnatural meanness the Shepherd cannot be said to be truly what he ought to be, and the Clark no other than as his Curr Dog or hardly so much

 

 

 

 

 

c[ as wel las from the parsons not ingenuously wanting, or permitting Psalmody to be any better, i.e. so as whereby it might have its true scope, Divine or Sacred Drift] they can, according to

 

 

 

== take on the following Page at 8c = on a loose paper.

 

* As according to Psalm 92, insisted a Psalm or Song for the Sabbath-day; but however I think, from which Psalm and Dedication thereof when first made, it

 

 

++ Start of Footnote:

But notwithstanding, the Books of the New version ought not to be alter'd as above, but ought all to be alike, and certainly as best in their Original purity, i.e. as was left by Dr.Brady and Mr. Tate themselves, viz. free from the Adulterations of any Mr. Wrong-Head, Mr. Dunce-Cap, Mr. Novice-Conceit, Mr. Misunderstanding, or even of any Mr. Any-Body whatever, so to continue [or as be let to continue] to the Commendations of Posterity for ever; Not meaning anything about their Supplement, there not being any need for such a Thing at all.

End of Footnote +++

++++++In a marginal Space:

and I should think (notwithstanding as above, any may serve in London) that for such nonsensical or fantastical Alterations as have therein already been made, there ought to be a Penalty paid, and the scandalous Books call'd in.

In a marginal Space End ++++

 

 

 

(Following Paragraph X crossed out but readable)

Now, At the Country Church to which I belong'd, each or every Line in these Psalms as here in part above, as likewise in all others are given out, and as with respect to these Tunes, as also to most of their others in the Key ^a nay I think they use but two Tunes wherein it is better [and as with the same remark] requir'd a 5th above, but however in both Cases distinctly by the Clark, *

 

S ome of the crossed out notes are readable

 

b but of very material to be observ'd or perform'd with

 

a [save only, ^ b  sith such close variations therefrom, as some different Accents &c. may in some Words, or parts of some Lines most necessary, of as the most advantageously require], nay

 

In the left margin: (not crossed out)

c at c Page 155 this interline

 

P age 93:

 

by which means Singers have respites for their Voices, in three Psalms only, as touching this Point, with them excepted, viz in the 100, the 148 and 149, save only and besides, the Lines in the Chorus to the end of every Verse in the 136;

 

++++ Start of Footnote:

It is not here meant that they use the old 148 Tune, neither do they use the old Tune, such Tunes as them not being fit, or rather being quite unfit for the Purpose; neither, but as in a better sense [and as in four Parts] do they use the 100, i.e. for any Psalm but the 100, as not so becoming agreeable or venerable, as touching any other to be, nor is it with them so requir'd, having Variety of others for that Measure, as also for the Measure of eight and six syllables &c.

End of Footnote ++++

 

and as a Grace to the end of each Line [in all Psalms] the Trebles, or the Singers of the Treble, the which Part is never omitted, save only for distinction save only for distinction sake in some penitential or deprecating Verses in rejoicing Psalms, where the drift of the Musick, or Composition is Chearful, and so upon its beginning gives as it were new life to the whole; I say as a Grace to the end of each Line the Trebles, as also the basses continue to found [but the Basses, if anything rather the longest] the last Note, Word or Syllable a little after the Tenor has done, as also after the Contra, when they use such a Part [and as ending that with the Tenor] and the which, as naturally noisy by the Voice, is only perform'd by a Boy or two amongst forty, fifty, or more singers,

 

++++Start of Footnote:

For it is to be understood that (in my time at Barrow) we had not always all our Singers, But still never many wanting, for I believe, that for the love they had for the subject, they would have almost have counted themselves half dead if they could not  have got to Church; but had there been an Organ, viz. according to the common Construction, and us'd as in common, 'tis certain that that could never have been the Case, at least for so many years as I knew it, and that to the great content and happiness of the whole Congregation.

End of Footnote +++++++

 

and that as found suitable in but few Tunes; but when no Contra, the said Boy or Boys join in the Tenor or Treble. the whole being withal perform'd in no great hurry [as hath by some been indiscreetly imagin'd ought to be ] whence [with the Tune properly adapted] five, six, or seven Verses, as the sense of the Psalm may occasion or require, as well as when fewer are carried over without any material flagging, or seemingly tediousness, one Part as with pleasure supporting another; each psalm as convenient, or as may be convenient being divided into proper Portions as above intimated or shewn, to which suitable Tunes are taken [but sometimes, when most fitting in the same Psalm, some one and the same Tune twice in the Fore-noon] and for the most part the whole us'd [the which in some Psalms hold or continue for three or four Sundays] before they have any recourse to another [after Sermons excepted] i.e. as advis'd or imply'd in the Psalms themselves, viz. the whole [as excepting for different subjects the 119th] but indeed it may be said that in some, it is so impliy'd in a more especial manner than in others, as for instance in the beginning of the 78th, a Psalm, surely much to the Praise of God! and as so, consequently a Singing Instance, as it certainly was at first, as well as now a RL?eading one (or rather as well as now in our Cathedrals a racketing or hursling? one} and to which the Clark's Proclamation is even in an especial manner adapted, if the Psalm be worthily handl'd it beginning withal in the same manner as the 49th where the Harp is mention'd;

 

 

+++Start of Footnote:

But notwithstanding to sing a Psalm upon this subject, viz. as so much to the Celebration of the Praise of God, is become a Thing in most Places pretty much out of fashion; but certainly, it would be much better if that could be the Case in some other Things to which Musick is apply'd; and as neither herein to break off from the Subject, and render it a Hodge-podge, as by or from any unnecessary intermissions; not doubting, but that it must be fully as proper for such a Psalm to be sung, as it is or any Chapter or Chapters to be read upon the same occasion; for as moreover we are to understand, viz.according to the Revalation of St. John, that a more ancient Song, even the Song of Moses, is not out of fashion in Heaven; and certainly the Works of God ought ever to be as highly extold in the Church, as the Exploiys of men in the Play-House; and Moses and Miriam Deborah and Barak sang; and certainly the Almighty their deliverer was pleas'd with the same: But if it should be said, alledg'd or maintain'd that such Chapters are appointed by Act of Parliament to be distinctly, and audibly read by the Parson, and that if it should be ask'd, where is the Order [in our Church or by Parliament] that this Psalm should be distinctly handl'd or handsomely sung by the Clark and Singers &c.? hence towards which in the first place, as not foolishly or principally supposing it a thing impossible that the Clark should have any portion of the Holy Ghost confer'd upon him as well as the Parson [because not instructed at Cambridge or Oxford &c.] the Answer is, that the Order is imply'd in the Psalm itself, and is more strong than an Act of Parliamant, for by Instigations of Parsons &c. an Act of Parliament can be altered or varied, yea even unreasonably or as just in contradiction to it self when fulfilled! nay, as in my case when double fulfill'd! and that each time with as it were a great deal to spare, viz. as discovering the Longitude to greater exactness than for what the Money was perscrib'd, whenas certainly the Commissioners, or as most especially the Clergy Part [or vile Holy Part] amongst them, ought rather, as a consequence in the Matter, to have told Me or my Son, viz. before they sent him upon the second Voyage, that in Case he again succeeded, they would, or could certainly through their great Ecclesiastical Power, even get the Act of Parliament alter'd, so as still to come short as touching the Money, yea altho' the said Act [according to the most wish'd for manner] should again be fulfill'd, viz. in the best manner, ever in Nature to be expected! as being viz. in the best manner ever in nature to be expected! as being from a Continuance of the greatest harmony in the World! and as affording [besides to its great degree of truth, and that as it were from the application thereto of one Operation in Trigonometry] the most frequent Opportunities for its use, or to its purpose, and moreover from such Observations as are very easy to be made! hence surely, or as in consequence thereof, the breach of which Act may certainly, as with respect to found, be at least esteem'd as a double Octave deeper than a robbery upon the High-way; whenas this Order, viz. as touching the Psalm never can be alter'd, notwithstanding it may perhaps be so pretended by some Parsons, and be issu'd forth, as it were at their pleasure, by a false or negative sound of the Concionazimir; viz. as in but however, what seems to the mass entire with them, or what seems in them to find the most splendid or dazzleing before men, is the security of their Livings, whatever Arbitrary their hearers that they ought never to let the pleasantness of any Musical Pslamody tickle their ears, when the Subject Matter thereof does not touch their Hearts (no such Charge as that at the Play-House} and as when at the same time, through piece-meal Hodge-podge, and other imperfectness, not suffering, or not clearly permitting or affording the substance of the Matter to be known; [the Security of their Livings being, as the main Matter to them, whatever Arbitrary, or Nonsensical power they may use], for it is to be fear'd, as hath just been intimated , that will always be some such Parsons as I have known;  [who because through Act of Parliament may or can Preach] that would even frustrate the Praising, of God, nay (as more plain) would even rob God Almighty of his Praise was it a Thing possible to be done, as thinking it (as above) to their dispraise; Whenas sings the Psalmist, according to their sense following; Whenas sings the Psalmist, according to the sense followeth; Whoso Praiseth God, he Honoureth God, &c. Psalm 50, a good Sermon [meaning the whole] sure nay a very good sermon indeed, and especially as in the New upright true or ingenuous  version when rightly handl'd; viz. as by a Company of good Singers, with what is due from the Clark, and that as with a Tune or Tunes suitable thereto and as taken it in its Prophetical Sense, via as touching the calling again of the Jews &c., and of what was to be contain'd in their ill treatment of the true Messiah; But Note, I have not said that all Parsons may be so as here above, for I have known more than one, who from the opportunity of hearing, took accasion to extol to the very height such Church Psalmody as I would be understood to have, as in this Book advanc'd; and certainly then in the right, since the handsomely handling the ^d What connects here to this?

These interlines/additions (g and h) seem to be orphans on this page.

g and as also with out any extraordinary Qualification or Efficacy arising from Virtue of an Ember-Week] the Answer is,

h as may well be signify'd under the term of Adultery &c.:

E nd of Footnote+++

 

+++In a marginal space - Start

See Markwick's 70 Works of David Page 205, and some following Pages

In a marginal space - Start++++

 

 

and how the great and scandalous Liberty to separate, or chuse out Verses, as at as at all times now remarkable, became in fashion [in, or as might be occasion'd by the Balderdash of Hopkins and Sternhold to be excepted] is not fairly to be understood, but as if the Psalmist had not indexed, or else the Poet had not translated according to the Spirit of God, for otherwise one ought to think that to select two or three Verses &c. out of any Psalm [and as whereby on course, to sacrifice the Drift or Intent of the rest pay, as mostly in consequence of them and all] could but seldom be rightly proper, but , as on the contrary, for such to be call'd or thought to be Psalmody, must be nothing, if not even worse than nothing, viz. meer shews or shams, unless the selector  [or any other or others, his Constrainer or Constrainers] as already imply'd, could be said to be wiser than the Psalmists, after sermons [ so as to suit thereof as near as can] to be expected, and the which [as with us] is best to be appointed aforehand by the Parson,

 

L ucy Note: What is this?

T ake farther to this page 40, other book at A. ????

 

And now, as with regard to the Pitching, viz. as perform'd at the Country Church to which I belong'd; The Singers withal knowing, or being let to know by the Clark what Psalm, or whay is to be sung and in what Tunes beforehand, i.e. before the Service began; but as most agreeable, often times letting them [or the chief amongst 'em] chuse which Tune or Tunes they will then as best like to have, viz. out of some two or three Tunes suitable for such and such a Portion or Portions of the Psalm &c,

 

The pipe is us'd by the Clark, viz. blown a little after his proclamation to the Congregation of what Psalm, and at what Verse; wherein it is to be remark'd that he makes, or is to be sure to make his proclamation at a lower Pitch than is to be expected from the Pipe, for from Experience, it was found with us to be much easier or natural, as well as at the same time to be far more Graceful to have to raise the Voice to the Pipe, i.e. to the Pitch at which the Words [or Lines] are to be given out, rather than to have to fall; [nay indeed if not so, it is as it were a putting a damp upon the Subject before its beginning]; and after the Pipe, he first sounds the Note with his Voice, viz. in the word Fa, Sol, or La, and when occasion (and in its corresponding name) the note of the 4th or 5th below, i.e. when the Tune is so [viz. in one of them] to be begun, and after him the same is done by one of the Singers [or one of the tenor men appointed among the Singers] nay in one of these Tunes [here inserted] both the 5th above and 4th below are so sounded, and with a return again from the 4th below to the Pitch, and then at the Pitch [or first Pitch] the Clark gives out the Line:

 

++ Start of Footnote:

 

 Now this answers the end better than if the Tune, or as common something in lieu thereof was first to be play'd over upon an Organ, as giving more time , could it be proper to say that such Performances ought indeed to be stinted as with respect to time, when the Play-House takes so much; but as without notifying that, I say this gives more time than the other for the singing so many Verses as the drift or sense of a Psalmmay at any time require, the which must be as well as by times three, four, and five verses, oft times six, and sometimes, seven, but according to our Divisions in the Psalms [meaning in the New version] never more, save only the 113th., and 149th to be excepted, as taking the whole of each of them, at once, as also in our going over [in two Fore-noons] with the 50th, we take one portion of equal length with the 113th., viz. from the 7th verse inclusive to the 15th,. Now I will here below give our Diagram of the 104th Psalm, the which is with us sung over (at the most convenient Season) in two Sundays, I mean besides what is sung [on each Sinday) after Sermons: But here 9as in the first place) it may not be amiss to nitify the great pleasure or satisfaction that was afforded to the Organist above mention'd, by our Care or mangement in Pitching, for the first time he heard it, and as upon the first Line from the Clark, so strong an Idea became instantly ingrafted in his Mind, that he was sure to himself the performance would be good, viz. before one Word by the Singers was sung, but still, his expectation was surpast upon their very beginning, and this indeed as a high Compliment he exprest to one after Service was over, and by the whole was so highly entertain'd that to my best memory he came on purpose three different Sundays, attending the Church both Fore-noon and After, his abode being then about two miles off, viz. at Barton, and not having at that time an Organist's place. and own'd that no Instrumental Musick could ever some up to such as he then had heard, for as touching the Lines being given out in a becoming or laudable manner, viz. the Words as in the new version, and as declarative of the praise of God, were, as he then found, and as withal from properness of Accents &c. to be of more powerful Efficacy, or as thence to render the whole for more Efficacious or influencing than by any other means [as from Instrumental Musick] could possibly be done; hence may be seen the disparagement in common as touching this matter in the World, for it is well known that in all other Affairs or useful Concerns, or at least in such the most curious or worthy, we not ponly go by the strictness of weighing and measuring, but also, by several other different or suitable sorts of means; whenas this for the most part, and tho' in our Publick Worship sytl'd so high, as to be said to be to the Praise and Glory of god, is left, set off, or carried on at random, and as thence becoming disregarded, as lying in the whole under the Power or Action of such meanness or paltry unskilfulness as quite to deface or overset the Thing.

 

                  Psalm 104

 

Mattins               | Evening

1st. Portion 6 verses | 3rd Portion 6 verses

2nd Portion 6 Verses  |

_____________________________________________

4th Portion 4 verses  | 6th. Portion 6 verses.

5th Portion 4 verses  |

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

 

I will here also (as farther) insert our Division of the 78, and 107 Psalms.

                    Psalm 78

1st. Portion 4 verses         | 3rd Portion 5 verses

2nd Portion 7 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

4th Portion 7 Verses.         | 6th Portion 6 verses.

5th Portion 5 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

7th Portion 6 verses          | 9th Portion  4 verses

8th Portion 6 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

10th Portion 5 verses         | Psalm 87.

11th Portion the last 5 verses|

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

 

                           Psalm

 

 

 Page 101:

 

Psalm 107

Mattins                       |     Evensong

1st. Portion 7 verses         |   3rd Portion 6 verses.

2nd. Portion 6 verses         |

_________________________________________________________

4th. Portion 3 verses.        |   6th. Portion 7 verses  

5th. Portion 5 verses         |

both these in one Tune        |

__________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

 

A nd here I think it may not be amiss if I add our Division of the 106 Psalm, together with the 100 for three Sundays, as also to the 62, and 73 for two Sundays, but it is not meaning that we sing these Psalms in the Succession here set, but that when most proper to sing them or any one of them, its or their Portions (as we thought the most properly) are as here divided; not but that we use the 100 at other times.

 

                           Psalm 106.

1st. Portion 6 verses         | 3rd Portion 4 verses

2nd Portion 5 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

4th Portion 5 Verses.         | Psalm 100

5th Portion 4 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

6th Portion 5 verses          | 8th Portion the last 5 verses

7th Portion 4 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

 

Psalm 62                             Psalm 73

1st. Portion 5 verses         | 1st Portion 7 verses

2nd Portion 7 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

Psalm 73                      |

2nd. Portion 3 verses         | 4th Portion the last 5 verses

8th Portion 6 verses          |

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

 

E nd of Footnote +++

 

 

But now as touching (or rather if you please, as on the contrary untouching) the Matter in this Point, viz. the handsomely giving out the Lines [but only the first Line in London] I have not heard one Clark, where, after the Tune had been play'd over upon the Organ, or what was to be instead of the Tune, that ever read his Line in the Pitch, or with any Relation on or Affinity thereto.

But there is one thing more as touching Church Musick, the which I think is worthy of notifying, or at least, it may not be amiss to do it, and that is; where in a Parish Church there is room for any Singers, or where there are such as may therein be so esteem'd they may generally be some of 'em also Ringers, and make it some delight on Sundays (instead of running elsewhere) to Chime the bells handsomely to the Publick Worship of God, and more especially where it is so  appropriate or approv'd of, that hey sing the Te Deum, and Magnificat [as is the case at Barrow], From whence, or as more properly speaking from the whole I may say; Our Sundays, were Sundays! for, as being thereby, as it were strongly engag'd to be at Church soon enough, did farther withal prevent the matter, and make it some delight (on Sundays as aforesaid) to Chime the Bells handsomely or laudably to the most Noble Assembly, or Publick Worship of Almighty God, the Peal being worthy choice [viz. in the variety or choice of different Successions of their Notes, besides that called Round, but dwelling a good while in one or each one], but all this is quite an out of the way Thing as with respect to London the Play-House and Opera lying more frequently in the way, as being now to be taken or look'd upon, as if for the chief designs or uses of Musick!

 

To conclude, The Works of God are Perfect; and as concerning the Foundation of this Subject [viz. of the Scale of Musick] it is certain, that what Mankind have thought was, and ever would be an Imperfection therein, is, according to His infinite Wisdom [as I have truly Experimented, and fairly Illustrated) the only Thing that makes it Musick,

 

Start of Footnote+++

 

I mean the proper Dispersion of such portions of what we have feignedly, or ignorantly called the Comma, as, without thoughts of which [there not being in reality any Such Thing] naturally result from the circumference, Diameter and Radius of a Circle, and which Assignation as otherwise [viz. of such the said Portions in Nature, as secretly to occasion such tuneful differences respectively, viz. from what we through mistake imagin'd would in each Chord or Interval otherwise have been perfect, could it have been so permitted] is what we never strictly should have been able to assum'd; but this is assuredly the truth of the Matter [viz. as contain'd in this book] be it otherwise handl'd, treated or imagin'd as according to Cambridge or Oxford, or any where else as long as they please: But, as of this admirable Beauty and Niceness, it is very reasonable to suppose that neither the Royal Psalmist himself, nor (as in Chronicles) the priests&c. above mention'd knew anything at all whence therefore or as even in conseuence of which, it ought still the more by us to be admir'd, and as thence to its chief Purpose [viz. as touching the psalms, or as in the making the Praises of God to be Glorious] to be even to its most advantageous height of Perfection, as well as thereto, with suitable distinction apply'd; Consequently, it must be a very wrong Proceeding that the Play-House &c. should render the Matter, or the chief design of the Subject insipid.

 

End of Footnote +++++

 

and I should think is on course, that from the weight of the Matter we ought to take care how we use it, or at least so far to provide, as whereby it may the better suit, or admit of something more engaging, and tending more to its prupose in Churches, than what it has hitherto commonly done, and that as most especially, or however as the most, for the worst to be notify'd, throughout the Parochial Churches in our famous Metropolis or City of London.

 

After the drawing up of the former part of this Book, it became reasonable for me to think that the drawing up the following Pages might hereafter be of service, viz. as concerning the calculation for a Monochord &c. and its Applications: As also the Rules I farther discovered for Calculating the Proportions, or most proper Proportions, or most proper Dimensions for Peals of Bells; for, as the Voices of Bells will hence be render'd more uniform or agreeable, they must consequently [and as when from but little Chipping] be render'd by the monochord the more truly Melodious or strictly in Tune: Therefore to proceed, but as first for the length of a Monochord whereby to Tune the Spinet or Harpsichord, and that at least for Experiments of proof or nicety.

 

Let the length of String for the lowest Note of the Monochord [i.e. so far as concern'd in Sounding [as suppose 28 1/2 Inches for that G next below the middle of the Spinet; or let in like manner 9if required) the length of strings from the Bridge to the Nut of a Viol, ans that as represented upon a Straight Lath or Ruler to be us'd as a Gage for the Same, be that length what it will as the bigness of the Instrument may require; I say let these, or either of these, or any such like as wanted be exprest in Hundred parts of 1/4 Inch; then take the Logarithm of that Number, and from which, by subtracting the logarithm of any Interval [ as may be had or gathere'd from the precedent part of this Book*]

 

+ ++Start of Footnote

                                 The larger Note ................................ ,04791

 

                                 The lesser Note ...............................  ,03074

 

                                 The Flat or Sharp ...............................,01717

                                

                                 The Difference betwixt

                                 the lesser Note

                                 and the Plat or Sharp............................,01357

 

                                 The Difference betwixt this last

                                 Difference and the Flat or Sharp;

                                 as from Cb to B#, or from Fb to E# ..............,00360

 

End of Footnote +++++

 

 

will be left the Logarithm of that distance, or of the length of String so  sought or requir'd for the same; and so on [i.e repeating the same sort of Operation for the next Interval &c.] the which lengths, as respectively so found, being to be set off under the same small parts or Decimal Denominations thereof, from the Bridge [viz. with a suitable Preparation or Apparatus to the Purpose] whether dor a Monochord, Viol, &c., but as most especially, when for a Monochord, with as great accuracy and smallness of strokes as if for a Mural Quadrant for the Observatory in Greenwich Park; for, for its Use or Application it is to be understood, that a Man ought, as withal, to have as good Ears [i.e. so as whereby, from proper Ways or Essays in trying to distinguished to a very small matter, or even to the very truth itself] as he ought to have eyes$c. for observing at the said Observatory. But now, As I have found, that in the making or preparing a string for a Monochord, there is something as it were of a secret nature, and the which as proving a secret virtue, viz. in its being of great importance therein, I shall therefore treat of the same at large as followeth:

 

The string for a Monochord must be made of the finest Plate-Brass; and when nearly drawn down to its thickness, must then at least be drawn in a fine steel-Plate left pretty hard, or; as in other words, of a high temper as being but little let down; and as before each time of its drawing, it is best to be wax;d over with Bees Wax [no place to be mist]

 

++++ Start of Footnote:

Not Bees Wax mix'd with Tallow, as may perhaps be thought would do better

End of Footnote +++++

 

 

so, in consequence of which it must not be drawn when Cold, but when the Room in which the Performance must be done is at least as warm as temperate, viz. without Fire, but when [as naturally so] about 60 [or at least betwixt 55 and 65] on Fahranheit's Scale the best, very warm not being so well; she drawing must not be in the Sun, and farther to prevent inequalities, must be performe'd slowly [but not to stop] and the more so, the nearer it approaches its determined thickness, as then to move about the pace of an Inch in a second of time, by no means faster: No more than one length must be drawn in one piece [ at least after the last annealing, or rather after that annealing next before the last] and that for such reason as may be perceiv'd presently, viz. when I speak farther than as , just here, of one end of the string being heavier than the other, for if more than one length be drawn in one piece, at least towards its finishing, that good Effect which I there speak of will not truly or effectually hold good, i.e. for any farther than for the using, or the making us of the first length; its Diameter or Thickness, as I found from Experience, is best when between 33 and 32/1000 of 1/4 Inch;

 

++ Start of Footnote:

For, as may be perceiv'd below, that from no other Thickness or Diameter will it or can it so well hold good.: The weight of strings 9 as one point in the Matter) being as the Squares of their Diameters; whenas (as another point) the Strength of Springs, as I had experimented, are as the Cubes of their Thickness. nay the strength of Springs as in the Cylindrical, or Worm fashion [the Cylinder keeping the same] are as the Biquadrate power of their Thickness; but such have nothing to do here.

End of Footnote +++

 

its last annealing is best to be when its Diameter is about 66/1000 of 1/4 Inch, and the next before that when about 100/1000 equal 1/10th of 1/4 Inch; and after each annealing, throughout the whole Operation, it must have its outmost skin rubb'd off with a scratch-Brush [ no place to be mist] and after which to be wip'd clean. Now the string must always be drawn one way, i.e. always beginning at the same end, and from experience I found that that end which is first drawn through the Holes (and consequently the last Hole) will naturally be somewhat heavier; or denser than the other, but it is not material there to speak of any reason why, it being sufficient that I did, from several Experiments so find it to be fact, as also its being so [after many Experiments] much for the better, and that because it could not otherwise [as I found] be a true string for the Purpose, since (as may be observ'd from below) it would then require the bridge of the Monochord to be set at a considerable bit farther length than as according to its Place for the Foundation of the Calculations, or something equivalent therero to be done [viz. as not to have the touching, or bearing of the String upon the Bridge, to come to the fore-edge of the same, or as otherwise, the string not be touch'd, or rather, as might be thought better, a portion from both] and the which at best, in different lengths of String [as when rightly consider'd] would still be deficient as with respect to the truth;

 

+ ++Start of Footnote:

 

There no being such Beams? in the matter as would arise from the abolishing of Tones Major and Minor [could it properly be said, or fairly demonstrated that such ever had any being], since, as it were, Modes with respect to Melody, and especially in a single Part slow, and as quite upon another Foundation, viz. much distant from the fictitiousness of the other, can even there, or as notwithstanding utterly deface the thing [ as most especially upon the Spinet, and Harpsichord, as likewise upon Bells, but from the Nature of the Voice of the Violin, and as commonly in quick Musick small faults are conceal'd the which is the perfection of that Instrument, for was not that the Case, and as considering withal the shortness of its strings, it would be a very difficult matter to play it any thing tolerable without Fretts, as for Instance, the Sharp 6th upon it, from any ground, and as with regard to a single Consonance, as well as at the same time with regard to what it must be to make it a true Interval of Melody, must (I say) be very good or bad upon the different touch of the Finger to the hundred part of an Inch, and the same, as touching the true Steps of melody may be said of all the rest] and in consequence of which was such stuff to be fact as Men have wrote about, and as whereby to shew such imperfections as the which we could by no means ever get over, of say, had such stuff been fact, there could never  (as in the former Part of this Book) have been any Musick in the World: whenas on the contrary a true Tune can be had, the exact truth or comeliness of melody, and as in consequence of harmony not ^2 consisting therefore ^3 of such Intervals as men would have had, or as still will have 'em to consist of, no, their exactness, or the exactness of such Intervals as are indeed truly Musical or melodious, being (as I have shewn) upon another Foundation, and from whence, when exactly put in execution, as may best, or only be done by the help and perfection of what I am here chiefly treating about, viz. by the help of a perfect Monochord, and then, so long as a Spinet &c. will accordingly stand, any Tune to the most perfect degree can be had, viz. in any one such Key as wherein its Notes will correspond with the Division into which each Octave is thereupon divided; as likewise upon Instruments with Fretts, providing that the strings be truly examin'd and made sorrect, and as a chief matter towards which, the Fretts afford a good Proof; whence I say, as once again, that any Tune can upon Instruments with keys, as also upon Intruments with Fretts be had as true as by the Voice, and truer than upon the Violin, without Fretts seems it ever so paradoxical to such men [or conceited Fellows] as will, notwithstanding all Illustration possible, still return, or ever hold to their Absurd prejudice from of old; but let them Argue as they will, I am very sure the summ of the whole is as followeth, viz. That from the strict Laws of Harmony, there neither is nor can be any Melody, but on the other hand, from the essential Foundation of melody, there is withal afforded the most lofty Airs, or the elegant Degrees of Harmony.

 

End Of Footnote ++++

 

b ut from this natural effect in the string, there becomes no occasion for such a Matter as will be seen immediately. Now the heavier end of the String must be put to the upper end [or smaller Notes] of the Monochord, for if the contrary, the Octave or Octaves thereupon would be found too wide, as might be prov'd by the help of a Spinet, and consequently all the other Intervals or Divisions would likewise ^2 in proportion be so, tho' not to be prov'd by the help of that Instrument, viz. any further than that it would never be found to tune it right [save only the 4th and sharp 6th might with ease be out of the Question, because they would then be found very much too wide, i.e. so as to be neither 4th not 6th at all]; but when a right string is put the right way [all other strings support'd withal to be right] it is then, and only then to be truly prov'd or verify'd, and that by the help of another Monochord, and the reason for it is to be given as followeth; It is very reasonable to imagine, that except the string could be without stiffness, or any elastick power in itself, i.e. so as to have no more of that in the least than what ought to arise from its tension, and yet at the same time to be strong enough to abide a proper Tension, I say, unless it could be so, it is very reasonable to suppose, that any part of the string which may be concern'd in sounding is not Mathematically defin'd betwixt the Bridge and slider of the Monochord, but that at each end, or rather within the extremities of which bounds, there may or rather must from the stiffness of the string, viz. as held or confirm'd by the bridge and slider be a small part thereof remaining at rest, or at least so far as to be but little, or not fairly concern'd  in vibrating, or in the producing of Tone, and that this same part, or these same parts will be, when with respect to a short piece of String concern'd in sounding, greater [viz. in proportion thereto] than when with respect to a longer portion so concern'd, yea even without notifying their being , as from, a shorter, and consequently a lighter portion of string, Mathematically speaking somewhat greater in themselves, tho' still, as it were at all times be small, in so small as string; yet as so, or as according to the tenor of what has been advanc'd, it is requir'd, and as only therefrom to be right that the heavier end of the string be put for the highest notes of the M onochord, but not to be understood to come up as near that end as can be from the drawing of the Wire, but that the beginning of what must be consern'd in sounding [viz. at the bridge] to be about 9 Inches from the said end, for with too great a degree of frugality in the matter, the Octave &c. may be render'd as Mathematically speaking too strait: And now, from t his Property in the string as hath been treated of, viz. as when of its proper Thickness from experience as above, and as thence together with proper hardness or elasticity from its drawing, this Effect will hold good, yea even without any the least Defect, from the length of 28 1/2 Inches concen'd in sounding [if not from a longer, the which I never try'd] up to the shortness of about 3 1/4, a surprizing matter indeed [since there is such a matter atall], as may be verify'd by two Monochords as I have said above! So far as touching the natural Qualification (and as it were secretly ordain'd ) of a good or true string for a Monochord; Hence, from the said Monochord upon as True Foundation, and as farther from strictness in its Application, it is certain, that the Verification of what is the real Scale of Musick, is only as thence to be had from a nice or pure Mechanical Operation, or from such operations: because at the same time it is sufficinently prov'd, that no mathematical demonstration or theory can have to do in the matter; therefore, as touching the Thing, they may cease from such Thoughts at Cambridge &c. as also farther fom any Thought about what will the most strictly, as well as the most frequently, and with the greatest facility discover the Longitude, as being to be done in such a way as wherein their learning must ever have prov'd Deficient, as is to be observ'd and ponder'd, as with respect to my Time-Keeper, viz. as from my writings about the Matter.

 

And now in the Application of the Monochord for the Tuning of Bells, it must be indispensably necessary that its Construction be so, as that its string may not only be set, but kept to such a Tension or Pitch by a leaver and Weight as may at any time be required;

 

Start of Footnote +++

That is, so that the Pitch of some one of its Notes or Divisions [but that a proper one] may, by the Weight upon the Leaver be exactly set or rectify'd to some one Bell in the Peal as found the best, or most proper to be made the Standard to tune all the rest to; and to which Bell recourse must always be had to prove the Pitch of the Monochord [and strictly thereto to rectify if accasion] before [or upon] each time of trying any other Bell or Bells.

End of FootNote +++

 

 

and yet as notwithstanding, or as granted that to be, it will be found in its Application, if the Monochord be made of Wood, to become sharper in its Pitch by dampness or moistness of the Air, and flatter by dryness, viz. as with respect to the bell, to which it might be set a day or two, or sometime before as imply'd in the Marginal Note: but if made of Brass, provideing that that can properly be, the that inconvenience may not only vanish, but if it's Belly be of the most proper thickness, or rather thiness, the variation, or such small alteration in its Pitch as can then arise, the which must be only, or as chiefly from the weakening or strengthening of the Belly by Heat and Cold, may very well coincide with the alterations in the Pitch in Church bells which may arise from some natural cases, at least, so far as may for the most part happen on that account, during the time in which any strict trial of Tuning may be hand; and note, that neither the Monochord [in the time of Tuning] nor Bells to be Tun'd must be in the Sun.

 

Now, In the Tuning, the string must be struck upon in manner, as a Dulcimer, save only the stroke [viz. the single stroke or touch] very soft, the thick end of a Feather, or of one of the smallest Crow-Quills being the best, or properest for the purpose [this is supposing the Monochord to be made of Wood, but if made of brass, perhaps a gentle twang with a Pen may do better, but gentle indeed it must be]; the Bell must be touch'd first, and as already imply'd very softly, as with a convenient bit of Wood &c.;

 

++++Start of Footnote:

For it is to be understood, that the softer or gentler the touchings, the more the Voice of the Bell and String will be alike, supposing they can but be truly heard at all.

End of Footnote +++

 

and after its sounding a while, then the string; the slider of the Monochord being to be remov'd [or hitch'd] betwixt each time of gentle soundings i.e. so as whereby to find out the Pitch or Place of the Bell exactly, and sometimes for confirmation thereof [viz. when in Tune or nearly] a 5th above or below, but when the 5th above is taken or us'd upon the Monochord it is better that the string be touch'd first, and in the same manner it may be said of the Octave as in the case of the Treble and Tenor in Eight &c. observing thus, as with respect to the 5th, as well as the Octave in succession, that it be found [as touching this proof of the matter] even as it were mathematically speaking truly sweet and good, so consequently, with such care as not to be found too strait, neither consequently as on the other hand too wide [ as tending then, viz. in this latter case towards the Hogoe??

 

L ucy note: (this is probably a reference to La Hogue a roadstead off the NW coast of France; scene of the defeat of the French by the Dutch and English fleet (1692))

 

of what is falsely styl'd perfection would make] for notwithstanding its having apparently a deal of latitude as with respect to Consonancy, yet at the same time it is to be understood, that there is but as t were a mathematical point, at which it will do right pleasingly well as with respect to the Chief matter, melody, nay even still, as then withal to be said of it, viz. as with respect to the highest degrees of harmony;

 

Start of (crossed out) Footnote

Lucy Note: The following remainder of this page was crossed out yet still clearly readable.

Y ea tho' the 12th, that is the 5th compound with the Octave, if only, or by itsself so taken, viz. as a Single Consonance upon the Organ is not very pleasing to bear with; but still, to the proof of the Scale of melody [Tones Major and Minor as conceiv'd of old being certainly out of the Question] 'tis full as well thereon, or rather better than the Sharp 6th so compound; yea I say, to the proof of the Matter, the latter then seeming as much Sharp as the other flat, or rather more, viz. when the Organ is rightly in Tune, as upon the Foundation here imply'd.

End of (crossed out) Footnote +++

 

 

 

and therefore, as in consequence of the nicety, that same point, or the latitudes of which points as not meaning only as touching this Interval the 5th, but as with regard to all the rest, had never, as with respect to each other been known, had not the Foundation of Musick as in this Treatise been discover'd; and to which Nicety it is that Bells are the most deserving, because they will so well stand to what they may be set; and indeed if not set or tun'd to such a nicety, they must remain disagreeable as I have said 2^ before [small faults being ^3even much worse than any where else]. now it is to be remembered that the slider might always be mov'd with such care as not to touch or wear the string, the upper part thereof with the Weight being to be born by the Fingers and Thumb, and so as not to lift up the other, the string lying in the Direction of the Slider,

 

+++Start of Footnote:

Or if you please in other words, the Slider moving exactly in the Direction of the String, and that as with respect to side-way as well as to up and down, for otherwise the String would get against the sides of the samll impressions which it may make for it self by its being nip'd in the Chapps of the Slider, the which would be a Defect.

End of Footnote +++

 

and so, as just not to touch the under side of the String when the upper part is bore off, for was the String to be in the least wore the Notes would be render'd false; so least that should ever be the case, it ought oft to be examin'd, if oft us'd, viz. by means of another Monochord, and when occasion a new string put too, and not amiss to be verify'd as above.

 

Now a Monochord for tuning a Spinet or Harpsichord must have its use from a Construction somewhat different to that for the tuning of Bells; for as in the first place, in its not being there absolutely need ful to have any more Divisions upon it than whatever may be requir'd in a Octave [i.e. one Octave in such specification as may ever be wanted] and as its lowest Note is best to be that G next below the middle of the Spinet [ whenas a Monochord for the tuning of Bells is not requir'd to be so long by far] it [viz. the said Monochord for the Spinet or Harpsichord] will therefore more conveniently permit of a bigger bulk, ans as thence turn off a plumper sound; and as requir'd for the purpose, its String may be struck with a key and Jack, and its Slider set or fix'd at each Note or Division with a screw against a Spring, and whereby the string may be stopt or holden without a Weight, and that quickly, so that the warmth from the Hand may the less affect it; but as dampness or dryness will alter its Pitch as above, besides what may arise in that respect from difference in warmth as without a Leaver, and as sooner to be affected from both cases than a Spintet or harpsichord which are larger Things, it must therefore be necessary to keep it in, or to have it somewhat a dryer and warmer Room than where the Spinet or Harpsichord may stand which is thereby to be tun'd; for otherwise as already spoke to [viz. from its being a smaller Thing than a Spinet &c. ] it will sooner be affected, or begin to flatten by the warmth of the Person concern'd in Tuning, than the Instruments to be Tun'd, therefore necessary as already advanc'd [ or at least for the most part, so to be imagin'd] that it be at first in some small degree warmer or dryer than the Spinet &c. or as it were temperately season'd before the beginning to Tune, nay, or as notwithstanding this care, left any thing should still happen in some small degree, either way wrong from the cases mention'd, i t must be proper, in order to come to great exactness, viz. as when by way of a strict Experiment, to Tune or Try all the Notes or Strings included in the Octave (and without making use or trial of any Chord) two or three times over by the Monochord, viz. (as only upon it) from G to G inclusively in the middle of the Spinet [no great trouble ] the better for their being a true Standard towards the accomplishing of all the rest [not but that once may be quite sufficient in fine Summer Weather, whenas in some sort of Weather not to be done at all, viz. to the Nicety here imply'd]:

 

+ ++ Start of Footnote:

But Note The Monochord when occasion ( as here without a leaver) ought in the first place [viz. someitme bfore the beginning to tune] to be rectify'd or set to Consort Pitch, or to a given Pitch by a bell [as better for the purpose that a Pipe] and that by means of Such gentle soundings, as when for the tuning of Bells as above. but now as farther, since my first drawing up these Purposes, it is to be understood and for the better from Experience, that a set [or sets] of Musical Forks, strictly, or duly Tun'd by the Monochord will much better, and more quickly answer the end, viz in Tuning the Spinet, harpsichord or Organ, than the Monochord itself, by which they must, as with great care be Tun'd; but here [or for this purpose] the Monochord must have a Leaver , the same as for the Tuning of Bells.

End of Footnote++++

 

a nd in which Accomplishment the 10th and 12th [as well as the Octave, double Octave, treble Octave &c.] msut be regarded [viz. in all places where the nature of the thing permits] for herein m ust both of them as single Consonances be found as bare or flat as they will well bear to be good but the 12th most especially, and that in order [as all along, or throughout this Book maintain'd] for their affording or preserving the very truth as with respect to Melody, as also, as touching their use in Composition, finer Relishes as with respect to Harmoony, as being then the very same with Nature, or what is natural to good Voices. now I do mean by all this, but that these Instruments, Bells excepted, may be tun'd pretty well, or tolerably well without a Monochord as I have said before, but my meaning herein (as already imply'd) is chiefly to prove shew or point out [viz. from a right Application of a perfect Monochord] what is the true Foundation or basis upon which the Scale of Musick is, by the hand of providence Erected, and that unaccountably to the Skill of Mankind:

 

 

F or from the most strict Experiments with two perfect Monochords [ as sounded upon what results from the Circle as above] I found [as with respect to single Consonances] the Bearing of all the Chords to be as it were respectively alike, consequently for instance, and as in chief, that that of the 5th not to be in any the least degree worse by what is allotted to it, viz. about 3/10 Comma Flat, but may still be said to be a s thence in kind rather better than the Sharp 6th. with its allotment of about 1/10 Comma Sharp; but what I am here about, as by way of Distinction or definition to shew as, that was the said 5th to be taken a little wider or sharper, or was it so requir'd and as when the Sharp 6th will bear no more [viz. than 1/10th Comma Sharp] the following confusion, and not only as touching harmony, but as more especially touching meldoy would as thence arise (and consequently the same to be spoil'd thereby, the which I from Experience have affirm'd to be right truly perfect in itself) as may be seen from the Circle hereto belonging; or as here inferred, wherein from C, as round to C again let the Octave in its seven, or in seven proper Divisions [as resulting from the foundation intimat'd] be represented; and then, as in supposing the 5th and as here for instance that 5th ascending from C to G, as like manner that that 5th descending from C to F to be each requir'd any small quantity wider, as may conveniently be observ'd in instancing in 1/10 Comma Sharper, as is proportionally represented in the drawing; consequently then as by Ocular Demonstration, the Note [or Interval] from F to G would become 2/10 Comma wider, and as all the Notes [or larger Notes] must be alike, that Note therefore from C to D must likewise become /10 Comma wider, &c, and so on course the Sharp 3rd as from C to E 4/10 Comma wider and what would make it 2/10 Comma sharp , instead of its being in its most truly Melodious Latitude, viz.in its being about 2/10 Comma flat and as also the fine Chord, the sharp 6th, as is highly to be observ'd, ascending from c to A 3/10 Comma wider, or sharper and that would then be, or make it to be 4/10 Comma sharp in all, it being about 1/10 as already upon the proper or true Foundation, and that as all that it [as such] will bear; and in like manner, the Flat 3rd, will also be monstrously spoil'd by the sharpness of the sharp 6th so the whole thing would be thrown into great confusion or disorder as indeed it has all along hitherto been, viz. in some degree upon the Organ, harpsichord and Spinet, the lesser notes withal, and as remarkably touching melody, as them [or such as them] from E to F and B to C 5/10 Comma too strait; and therefore as this is the nature of the division of the Octave, and when moreover the various Effects, or Qualifications of the Chords themselves as touching harmony or Intervals more chiefly touching Melody are not by our reason fairly to be weigh'd, consequently from the whole, it would hardly ever have been in the power of man [ as without any adherence to something as a real Foundation as at first viz. after some wrong nthings , or Imaginations, was providentially try'd by me] ever i say to have establish'd the Matter right, viz. accordingly as treated Page 9 - but as here to proceed, it may not as farther be amiss to observe, that if the 5th was but to be widen'd 1/20 Comma, i.e. to be taken no more than 1/4 Comma flat, then the Sharp 6th would become about that same quantity sharp, the which is, or would still be very far out of the Question, as not admitting of any more that 1/10, and whereby it, as touching true Melody becomes exactly, as also, the 5th with its 3/10 Comma the other way &c. So as the Bearing of the Chords [tho' not with respect to Space or measure, but] with respect to harmony, as here above as it were respectively alike as well as whence each Interval to be render'd thence be exactly true or perfect as both with respect to Melody it is now as a Consequent to be observ'd [as is already intimated] that every Chord or Interval

 

L et not any Thing as hereafter [viz. as about the proportioning of bell] as from the beginning of this section be printed; not but that the Rules thereto are right, was the Radical Numbers, as thereunto appertaining to be rightly acquir'd. Now my next, or last thing is to shew or treat of the Rules which I discover'd for calculating the proportions for Peals of Bells, i.e. so far as appertains, or may appartain to their diameters at the Skirt, and Thicknesses at the Sound-Bow; but it is not hence to be understood  (as already noify'd) but that there must be a Tuning, but (to the purpose) that less may do. [i.e. when they are withal, from other due proportions and care so founded] as well as thence at the sme time to be le to continue with as it were undisturbed Uniformity as touching their Courage, I say, as with respect to these good properties, that the less Chipping may do: And as Peals of Bells are only Musical Instruments we have in the World that will stand in Tune for a long time, i.e. supporting they be, or can be by any accurate means so render'd at first, and as that as above can now be the Case [tho' not so before my Completion of the Monochord]

 

+++ Start of Footnote:

A Pipe (as is to be understood) being nothing to the purpose of Tuning, if it even could be made upon the true Foundation, but that is what it cannot be, without (as at second hand) the Assistance of a Monochord, no, nor with it neither [viz. to come to sufficient perfection] notwithstanding its being at the same time to be blown with Bellows, as I well know from Experience.

End of Footnote++++

 

Such an attainment therefore , at least as when upon a proper, or the most proper Foundation [as the which I am now about to describe] must be worth the while to be done, so inconsequence of which I shall proceed, wishing withal that the Ringers would always use 'em in so becoming a manner as they ought to do, and that is, besides good raising and Gearing [and that as much the best with the Bells rightly hung, as well as when at the same time in due proportion] never to practice that ridiculous Absurdity of Changing the Tenor. So first, It must be very improper for the Tenor Bell in any Peal to be too poor or thin, for a poor Tenor [or Cover?] makes a poor Peal, but that it ought to be as light as it well can for its bigness to be good: whence [as from Experience] it is necessary that the Thickness at the Sound-Bow of the Tenor Bell, when no more Bells than Eight in the Peal be about 1/15 of its Diameter at the Skirt; but when for a Tenor in Ten or Twelve, about 1/16 of the same do better.

 

 

Now I have found, that towards the right proportioning of Bells, there must be a Number assign'd so as fitly to be Denominated the Radical Number Correspondent to the Diameter (at the Skirt) of some one Tenor Bell, and from thence it might be, that the radical Number corresponding to the Diameter of any other Tenor Bell of what bigness so ever is to be found; and the same is to be observ'd as with regard to the Thickness, there being also to be a Radical Number assign'd for that purpose, viz to the Thickness 9at the Sound-Bow) of some one [and the same] Tenor bell as before from whence the radical Number to the Thickness of the other Tenor Bell is likewise to be found, but by different means as followeth.

 

The Radical Numbers corresponding to the Diameter at the Skirt of tenor Bells in different Peals, must be (accordingly as I have disccover'd) in a sub duplicate Ratio of the said Diameters; and the radical Numbers corresponding to the Thickness of the same at the Sound-Bows, in a duplicate Ratio of the said Thickness.

 

Thus, Let it be suppos'd as from Experience [notwithstanding the want of Confirmation from some proper Essays or Experiments] that the Radical Number Correspondent to the Diameter of a Tenor of 52 Inches must be 13624727367, and whence the Radical Number corresponding to the Diameter of any other Tenor, as suppose of 37 Inches is to be found; do therefore, by the following Analogy say,

 

As the square Root of 52, viz. 7,2111025 is to this given [or as suppos'd] Radical Number, viz. 13684727367: So is the Square Root of 37, viz 6,08276253 to 1154344 the other radical Number corresponding.

 

++ Start of Footnote

Not that five or six of these last Figures in the first radical Number, or as here especially in this first [estimated] radical Number are at all material [since as hereafter the whole is or is to be us'd as a Decimal Fraction] save only for the instancing therein for finding the Logarithm of the Number [ or of a Number of so many places] as by and by, the which as hereafter is useful, but still, not meaning it as absolutely necessary (in this Affair) ever to have so many places, save only as by way of Curiosity.

End of Footnote +++

 

And as with respect to the Thickness at the Sound-Bow; the 15th part of 52 is 3,4667 - and the square of which is 12,01766222, so according to the former supposing, let 1476926182 be suppos'd the corresponding Radical Number to this Thickness and then say,

 

As the Square of 3,4667 - viz. 12,01766222 is to this Radical Number viz. 14769262: so is the square of the 15th part of 37, i.e. the square of 2,4667 - 6,08436222 to 0747745605 the Radical Number sought.

 

But Note, when in finding the radical Numbers as this by or from their corresponding Square Roots and squares, the whole of each Radical Number, as already exprest, is then to be taken or look'd upon as a Decimal Fraction, and must likewise be so esteem'd when in subtracting one from another as in the Operations below; and as so in finding the said Radical Numbers it will be fairly perceivable that a Cypher must sometimes be prefix'd, as is the case in the last radical Number here above; but afterwards, when in finding the Logarithm of such a Radical Number, that of the first five figures; but when such a Cypher, the Characteristick of the Logarithm thereunto belonging must be 3, 4 being assign'd when the first Figure is not a Cypher.

 

Example for finding the Logarithm of the Radical Number 13684727367

 

Th e Log. found for the first five Figures is 4.1362130655

                                                   230838,645854

                                               __________________

                                             4,1362361494

 

T hen for the residue 9 as followeth, and) as here added say,

 

As an Unite with so many Cyphers as there ate Figures  remaining, is to the same Figures [as they stand]:

 

Page 127:

 

so is the difference betwixt the Log. found and that which follows to another Number;

 

That is, As 10000000 is to 727367; so is 317362 to 230838,645854; the which being added to the Log. found, as in order here above gives the Log. required, viz. 4,1362361494.

 

Examples for finding the corresponding Radical Number to agiven Logarithm.

 

Suppose the given Log. to be 4,1362361494

 

Find the Log. next less, as being the Log. of the first five Figures in the Radical Number sought, the which will be the Log. of 13684, and the which Log. itself is 4,1362130655

 

So their Difference is --------------------------- 230839

 

Then divide this diference by the Difference betwixt this Log. next les, and that which follows, annexing the Figures as they come out to the first five Figures of the Absolute Number, will give the Radical Number sought,

 

 

T hus 317362) 2308390 ( 13684727368

             2221534

            ___________

               868560

               634724

            __________

               2338360

               2221534

            _______________

                1168260

                 952086

            ____________

                 2161740

                 1904172

              ___________

                  2575680

                  2538896

           ______________

                    36784

 

N ow this Operation is the same as to say, As 317326 is to 230839; so is 100000000 to 727368 the six last Figures.

 

Now the last Figure here, from reason to be perceiv'd above, not being exactly what it ought to be is not material.

 

 

Now the Foundation being laid. the next Things to be notify'd are the Logarithms to be us's in order for obtaining the ust Dimensions 9viz. so far as above spoken to) of all the Bells many Peal design'd and they are, nay, must certainly be according to the same proportion as them, which, as I have said, according to the secret course of nature (as in the former part of this Book} naturally results from the circumference, Diameter, and Radius of a Circle, for, as must each one [viz. accordingly as in tha respect to the Foundation laid] be but one Quarter of its Correspondent or Natural one, and them for the Thicknesses Double, so they are in each respect as in the two following Tables.

 

L og., viz. as deduc'd from the former part of this Book 1/4 Log. for the Diameters.

 

Octave  ----------- ,0752575

5th --------------- ,0436175

4th --------------- ,03164

Sharp 3rd. -------- ,023955

Larger Note ------- ,0119775

Lesser Note ------- ,007685

 

Logs

 

Page 129:

Log,s, or as according to the former part of this Book double Logs. for the Thicknesses.

 

Octave ----------- ,60206

5th  ------------- ,34894

4th -------------- ,35312

Sharp 3rd -------- ,19164

larger Note ------ ,09582

Lesser Note ------ ,06148

 

 

Things being now as farther prepar'd, I come to their use as with regard to the right, or due proportioning of Peals of bells; viz. so far as touching the Diameters at their Skirts, and Thickness at their Sound-Bows.

 

And first, as with regard to the Diameters, let there be a Line drawn down the middle of the Space in which the Operation is to be wrought [for the Examples below], and then on the right hand side thereof, and close to the Line, let the Logarithm of the Diameter of the Tenor Bell [as taken from a Book or Table of Logarithms] be plac'd; and at some distance towards the right hand, and along the same height, put the said Diameter itself:

And on the left hand side the Line, and still at the same height or level, place the Radical Number; then (as still towards the left) prefix the Logarithm corresponding to the Radical Number; and then to begin the Work, Take one of the Logs for the Diameter from the Table above, as Suppose that of the larger Note, and place it under, and subtract it from the Logarithm last above mention'd,

 

+++Start of Footnote:

see below, in the lower part of the first Example.

End of Footnote+++

 

and the absolute Number corresponding to the remainder [or as then to that remaining Logarithm] place as a Radical Number under the other, and subtract it therefrom, and put their Difference on the right hand side the Line under the Log. of the Diameter, but with this remark, that each Figure respectively be plac'd one place nearer the Comma than it  falls to be [i.e. in order that it may be render'd 10 times as big as it is] then substract it (so plac'd) from the Log. of the Diameter, and the Remainder or Difference will be the Log. of the Diameter there sought, and so on, proceeding again with the Log. of the larger Note as in the Example. And the same Method as here shewn is to be observed for the Thickness, save only without the increase of the Differences of the Radical Numbers, i.e. there without the placing 'em a Figure more forward or to the multiple of 10; the Examples will make all plain to such as understand the Logarithms.

 

If another Operation be wrought, and that as first if you please, and as therein making use of the Log. for the Octave, or rather of the Logs. for the 5th and 4th, it will serve as a Proof to the truth of the Work; Example 1st at the end of the Book.

 

Now, from a pretty deal of pains or labour, this together with that for the corresponding Thickness, Example 2nd were the Only Rules, which, not only had beauty in Proportion in themselves, but the which I could discover that would at the same time turn out the Bells in Tune, or as more suitably speaking [viz. according to what will commonly happen] nearly so, for it is with supporting, not only the Metal to be uniform throughout the whole peal, but that the Bells could be moulded, as not only so far as with respect thereto, but as farther in such other respects as may result therefrom relating to their shape or proportion upwards, each one in itself to a Mathematical degree of exactness, and this must be also with supporting in the first place these Radical Numbers, viz. as corresponding to a tenor Bell of 52 Inches Diameter to be rightly acquir'd, the which as imply'd above is hard to say, since before I imagin'd there might be, or hit upon the use of such Numbers, there never was for this purpose any thought about such in the World, much less, as now at first to be expected their Mathematical Acquisitiopn, no in such a case, experience must rectify or confirm:  And , as according to which, my Nephew Henry harrison, viz. some years after my drawing up of the Papers, told me from Experience, that my Radical Numbers were not right [no surely, to have been so would have been a Wonder indeed] but that my Rule or Rules were good, and that he had [by Experience] acquir'd the real and secret radical Numbers:

But what I am here more chiefly about to observe is, that from these  Rules barely, i.e. without any thing derivation as below, the trebles in heavy Peals will be lighter in proportion, and consequently weaker in Courage as with respect to the tenors, or as with respect to what they ought to be, than them in lighter Peals, altho as with respect to Tune, as imply'd above the same, and indeed from the random methods or guesses of the Bell-Founders, such weakness for the most part part has hitherto been a general fault, but as there can be no reason why it should be so [as even contradicted by themselves, viz. by their chance methods or guesses in lighter Peals and as I shall manifestly shew] but that on the other hand, and both as primarily with respect to properness of Courage, as well as secondarily with reard to Ponderosity, and as augmented by describing such largeness of Circle, as may from their hanging be coincident thereto, and that in order for the fineness in raising and Gearing,

 

+++++Start of Footnote:

Or fineness of Raising and Gearing from the nature of Pendulums.

End of Footnote +++

 

and as not withal forgetting Chiming, as well as for the Ringing of Changes, the Treble in Eight ought always [or in all Peals] to be in Diameter about 2/3 of that of the Tenor or perhaps not quite so much, or but about as 5/8; hence the following Derivation, as a farther Step to these Rules, or to this Rule must be necessary. At the bottom of the Operation, as with respect to the Diameters, Examples 1st., is to be notify'd, that from the Log. of 34.6666666 &c. i.e. from the Log. of 2/3 of 52 is substracted the Log. of somewhere about 31,497, and their Difference (as there) being added to the last Radical Number shews what that last Radical Number ought to have been viz. 11923814774 and consequently its corresponding Log. 4,0764152208, and these in order to have turn'd out the Diameter of the treble 2/3 of that of the Tenor; and as from this Log. there is farther substracted the Log. of the last radical Number, shews the portion wanting as with respect to the Log. of the said last Radical Number to have compleated the same, i.e. to have turn'd out the Treble (in Diameter) 2/3 of that of the Tenor; but what is the chief matter to be observ'd or gather'd from this last mention'd substraction is , that by or from its remainder is shewn the portion wanting, as taken in proportion to the Log. of the larger note to compleat the Diameter of the treble, and not only so, but from thence as a Foundation is to be ascertain'd the Diameters and Thicknesses of all the intermediate Bells as well as them of the treble, viz. when the said Treble [as herein Eight] is to be in Diameter 2/3 of that of the Tenor [or as always meaning what it ought to be ]; so towards the Matter by the following Analogies say,

 

And first, as on course with respect to the Diameters, Example 1st.

 

As the Log. of the larger Note there, viz. ,0119775 is to 1 [i.e. to the Note itself]; so is the last remainder there, or as here above spoken of viz. ,0154365714 to 1,288797.

And then with respect to the Thickness, Example 2nd

 

A s 1 is to ,09582 [the Log. of the larger Note there]; so is 1,288797 to ,12349252854

                                                                                    2

                                                                         _____________

The double of which is -----------------------------------               ,24698505708

 

Now from this Log. [as here doubled] being added to the Log. of the last Radical Number [as with respect to the Thickness, and as at the bottom of Example 2nd] is produc'd, viz. by first substracting the radical Number next above, from the Radical Number correspondent to this Log. so increas'd and then by their Difference being added to the Log. of the last Thickness, is produc'd ( i say) the Log, for the Thickness of the Treble when its Diameter is to be 2/3 of that of the Tenor; and the reason why this last Quotient [or Logarithm as here above] must be doubled is obvious as may be perceived from the Calculations, for supposing the Diameter of the 2nd bell was taken to be equal to that of the 3rd Bell, and still to retain its Note [or Pitch] as the 2nd, it must then in Thickness be equal to that of the 4th; and the same may be said of the 6th Bell, for was its Diameter to be the same as the 7th, its Thickness mus then be the same as the 8th.

 

And now, According to what has been advanc'd;

 

T he Log. of the last Thickness being    ,4291426201 The Thickness itself is 2,6862

 

The Difference of the radical Number is ,0282822887 So the Thickness sought is 2,867

 

Whence 2,867 must be the Thickness of the treble, when its Diameter is 2/3 of that of the tenor of 52.

 

And now; As the Diameter of the Treble is to be 34.6666&c. [i.e. 2/3 of 52], and as its Thickness is then to be 2,867, so a new radical Number in each respect,  or new radical Numbers must be had for the tenor wherefrom to begin the calculations, and  they must each one be a good deal less respectively than what they were before: As to the Radical Number for finding the diameter [at all times] was it not as hath been shewn, or as fairly appears, viz. that the others from the Square Roots (as above) must, as in the first place be us'd, in order for finding a Consequent Foundation for the Thickness,

 

+++Start of Footnote:

But it may not be amiss to observe, that one Operation as with the Log. of the Octave would or will be sufficient for the purpose (tho' in example 1st. is taken in all the intermediate Bells), not but that the same one Operation [so far as I had conceived of the matter] must have requir'd several trials as in the Note below, had there not been a farther Discovery made.

End Of Footnote +++

 

I say was it not so, one and the same Radical Number would always do, without any more to do for the Diameters whether in great or small Peals, and that radical Number would be, or rather is 1106771141, for from thence [and as with Beauty In Proportion throughout the Peal] the diameter of the treble in Eight will always be turn'd out exactly n2/3 of that of the Tenor:

 

+ ++ Start of Footnote:

Nay from thence consequently, as the Differences betwixt the radical numbers respectively must always [or in all Peals] continue the same, so therefore each one of which being substracted from its correspondent Log. for the Diameter, must always produce what is wanting or sought for [viz. without having recourse to the Log. of the Radical Numbers, or then of the larger and lesser Notes], as for Ignorance, the difference betwixt the radical Number of the tenor-Bell and that of the bell next to it, being always then ,0301068075, the which being substracted from the Log. of the Diameter of the Tenor [be it what bigness soever] will always leave the Log. of the Diameter of the next Bell, but this cannot be the Case as touching the Thickness; but however, for finding the Foundation for the said Thicknesses from that of the Diameters, there can be no necessity thence but only to have one Operation, or as indeed will commonly [in this point of the Matter] prove repeated Operations [was there not the famous discovery by mr. Charlton as below] and that from alterations in the Radical Number, viz. in that which must be approximated for the thickness of the tenor, and consequently in its Logarithm as thereunto corresponding, beginning at first [viz. towards finding the said Radical Number] with an approximation of three or four of the first Figures, and then [viz. after each such alterations] with the Log. of the Octave only, 'till the Log. of the Thickness requir'd for the Treble be rightly turn'd out; nay it may be observ'd, that was it not with respect to a Foundation for the Thicknesses, that the Diameter, after their first attainment for some one Peal [as here for the Tenor of 52] might thence be had by the Golden Rule" or Lute? or Rate? alone, viz. as implying the Diameter of the Treble in Eight to be always 2/3 of that of the Tenor.

End of Footnote:+++

 

 

But the Radical Number for the Thicknesses [was it not again as discover'd below] would always, or as in consequence have been to have been found by making Essays with the Log. of the Octave [viz. as after each such alteration as hath just been spoken of in the Note above] and they might sometimes as there shewn have prov'd a pretty many before it could be hit upon; now the last of which Essays I made for my purpose here, and wherein I found the Number to be truly acquir'd, I have put for Example at the top of the calculations for the thicknesses Example 4th; but was it not to be so nicely ascertain'd it would still do, since four or five of the last Figures in the Log.s of the thicknesses as in that of the treble&c. [when so many] will not sensibly affect the matter: And the same ( as said above) may be observ'd as touching the Diameters:

B ut as to the finding the new Radical Number for the Thicknesses viz. after the Thickness of the Treble in Eight is at any Time, or for any design'd Peal as above ascertain'd, mr. Lionell Charlton, teacher of the Mathematicks at Whitby in Yorkshire, did, after the Communication of my papers to him , as by my nephew Mr. henry harrison of Barrow, did I pay luckily, or as more properly through sagacity hit upon a method for finding the radical Number for the Tenor, viz. the radical Number, to a Mathematical truth, wherefrom to begin the calculations for the Thicknesses of all intermediate Bells - without repeated Operations as spoken of above, and the which is as followeth. Let the Logarithm of the Thickness of the treble in Eight, be substracted from the Logarithm of the Thickness of the Tenor,

Now since the Differences of the radical Numbers for the readier finding the respective diameters in or for any peal [as intimated in the Note last above] do not appear any farther, or can only be had from the following Calculations respectively as for the Diameters in a peal of Eight; therefore I have here inserted other four Differences, viz. as touching the Diameters of the first four Bells in a Peal of twelve, the which would have been seen from the said Calculations, had they been continued up so far:

 

T hese two to mark up Ten             ,0253167065

                                     ,0246280319

 

And these other two to make up Twelve,0154478504

                                     ,0235378726

 

 

L et the calculations, with the Similar view of the Sizes, and Thicknesses therefrom follow here.

Now from the calculations it may withal, be gather'd that the Thickness of the treble, when in Diameter 2/3 of that of the tenor is not in proportion so thick as when of less Diameter; for from the said Calculations may be had the following Analogy,

 

Viz.  As 31,497 is to 2,6862: so 34,666 &c. to 2,9565

 

Whenas the Thickness of the Treble is but 2,867;

 

So this Treble is in proportion to its Diameter thinner than the other by ,0895, consequently not to be clogg'd with metal, whatever has been, or may be alledg'd from the mismanagement or blundering of the Bell-Founders; and in consequence of which most of the Peals hitherto, but especially the large ones, are pretty much short in goodness or laudableness of what they ought to be, or might have been, i.e. as primarily touching the uniformity and pleasantness of their Courage; as well as besides the great Matter wanting, viz. as with respect to their being in Tune, save only in this latter point, a few Peals to be excepted the which have been tun'd by my Monochord: so hence I think I may safely pronounce that any Bell-Founder whatever, who, besides his Honesty in making use of good metal, can hereafter come up to these Rules of Art, as principally here described, and as together with what may therefrom or thereby, be farther acquir'd as touching the Thicknesses, or Proportions of Bells upwards, and as moreover with the properness of descent from the middle of the Sound-Bow to the Skirt, the which, as notifying the out-side of the Bells, must be more towards uprights in the treble, than in the tenor-Bell, and that because the treble is thicker in proportion to its bigness; I say, any Bell-Founder, who in all respects can hereafter turn off what may be esteemed as truly Laudable, ought certainly to be encourag'd for his Labour: And 9supposing the Ringers to forsake, or to be occasion'd to forsake their Rascally nonsense in Changing the Tenor} it is to be wish'd that our gentry could take some thought towards what might be done this way [as affording some Adoration towards the Publick Worship of Almighty God, or as in other words bearing some relation to the chief Drift or Contents of this Book, i.e. to what ought to be] and less, or as might in consequence prove much less towards that of the Charms of the Play-House &c. and withal, as the same viz. the chief design or matter of this Book is to be supported  at far less Expence than the said Play-House &c., then as so consequently, much less towards the thoughts of extravagancy in raising their Rents, or as otherwise in consequence towards the oppressing or grinding the Poor or the most industrious part of the Nation, and the which they themselves could not subsist without to Powder, and so consequently, according to the Royal Psalmist [as in psalm 144, with the 84] more towards the good or happiness of the Nation, as pronouncing them Blessed, who long to tread this other  Path, or have delight therein [ and as thence withal to keep themselves out of danger of what is pronounc;d in the 82 Psalm] a difficult matter now indeed! as being, by one means or other almost become an estrang'd or rather as it were a forfeiting Thing, far short sure in Vertue, goodness or worthiness of King David's Designs and dedications, or otherwise he must have been instead of a Type of Christ, a very weak Man! whereas what he said appointed and asserted was not over-set, put out of date or fashion by Christ, neither as in consequence ought it so to be by the Ministry of the Gospel [ as by any up set new-fashion'd Preacher] no nor certainly by any other means whatever; consequently, the main Drift of this Book cannot but stand good in itself, whatever Use it may be of, or Abuse in lieu be put upon it, and this must be my Conclusion.

 

 

* ******

LUCY NOTE Open viol strings according to Harrison are: (as may be perhaps ascertained}

6th = D

5th = G??

4th = C?

3rd = E?

2nd = A

1st = D

Needs to be checked;-)

*********

 

 

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS:

page 142:

I nserted at page 90

 

to page 90 as followeth at a

 

a yea as thence I say 9and as not to speak much farther of the Works of God here) So far as to be to a full Proof of the motion or motions of this our earth [the Periods, of which being taken into the Computations], and tho' we cannot in the least conceive, how after ( as well as the rest) it was [as beyond all (Comprehension)], created out of nothing, that it should or could (and still again as well as the rest that are moveable) have such motions impress'd or inforc'd upon it, viz. as that of its Diurnal, together with that of its Annual, and as amazingly for the better not both in one Plain, but certainly (without our consideration) at the most proper, or most convenient Angle different; I say, tho' we cannot at all conceive how these could commence, yet we are sure that so they are, or so it is [altho' unknown to the Psalmist Moses, St. Paul &c.) and as thereby, not only to be preserv'd from a Conflagration by the Sun, but as thence on the contrary [for purposes of the Almighty] by its Providential distance to receive its enlivening Benefits of warmth thereform but I have said, to be preserv'd from a Conflagration [ or from its falling, or being attracted to the Sun] its Annual motion being, as must the most stupendiously be, viz. as respect to its distance from the Sun not less than fifteen miles in a second of Time  % % Note on a loose paper%% take farther to this.

But as now to return, and as notwithstanding any such untunableness pride or meanness as intimated above in several of our Clergy, and even as taking the matters according to the Psalmist's expressions, I must say as on the other hand, As

 

Page 143:(everything crossed out on this page yet readable as follows:

 

To the bottom of Page 52

 

jangling. But now, as the Viol when rightly manag'd is indeed a very fine Instrument of Musick, it may not be amiss if I here add something more as touching its using; so towards which I have found it improper when not in playing to leave its strings up to the Pitch [or to its Pitch] for that will not only occasion them more frequently to break [and whenas as I have shewn, it is commonly some trouble to get them, or any one of them refitted] but withal, the Instrument will not then sound so well, or be quite so brisk when it comes to play; therefore, as pursuant to this I generally slacken its third and fourth strings about a Flat 3rd, its second string about the larger Note more than them, and the first about a Note more still or as with respect to that, the fifth and sixth pretty slack, by which their guts will not shrink them from the wire so as to jarr, or render the whole disagreeable: When set up to play, or when in setting up [the Viol being laid on a Cloth upon a Table] each string must be jerk'd or pinch'd at the bridge, i.e. prest one way whilst its part of the Bridge is prest the other way, and so as not only to leave the top of the Bridge at its due distance from the Nut, as by Rule or gage above spoken of, but also that no one string may want the top of the bridge one way, when the next or another may want it the other way, but as with regard to that the bridge to be at ease, as wellas at the same time [viz. from the exactly correspondent length of strings] to have always its true or firm situation upon the Belly, for then the best the Viol will sound; now all this I observe for reason here as more specially ro touching the easing of the strings, because I do but seldom play, so the whole of this may be as any man's experience will best direct him; ^c

 

take farther on page 166 at C

 

Lucy comment: I can see why he wished to omit this page. There is probably some connection between the frequency of his playing and the long time it would take to get the instrument into tune. Modern practice is to leave fretted instruments in tune, as they were last played. Replacement strings are nowadays mostly of consistent quality, cheap and readily available.

 

 

C rossed out but readable here:

To the bottom of Page 145 at c

 

c but if the strings to be cover'd were put upon the stretch [or rather hung to stretch by properness of Weights, and so as not to untwist] for five or six days or even a week and then as one by one [immediately before its taking down to be cover'd in the Engine] to be wiped down from Oil, they would, as I know from experience be much better.

 

P age 144;

 

To the marginal note Page 47.

the string being let to be slack when some rubbing is to be at or near the Nut or Bridge; but indeed it is sometimes a little difficult to judge where some rubbing is to be, and as when but hardly to be verify'd bu the Calliper as above, and whenas still, a little on course, as from more stricy trials or proofs must be; "* and here it cannot be unsuitable to say, that let Dr. Smith Frett a Viol &c. upon his principles in order to try whether it can do so well, or better than mine, and the which if better, I'll pay the expence be it ever so much, but still as above, not to be judg'd by a Board of Longitude.

 

*In a marginal space against its place.

"But Note, After any string is rubb'd when upon the Instrument, see that (besides the Handkerchief) all be brush'd clean from Emery, as the Finger-Board &c. [the Viol being laid on a Cloth upon a Table]; and it is highly to be remark'd, that each string must by times, but as most specially any one which has been slack'd, must I say be jerk'd or piched at the Bridge, i.e. prest one way, whilst at the same time its part of the Bridge must be prest the other way, and so as not thereby only to have or leave the top of the Bridge at its due distance from the Nut, as by the Rule of gage above spoken of, but also that no one string may want the top of the Bridge one way, when the next or another may want it the other way, but as with regard to that the Bridge to be at ease, as well as at the same time [viz. from the exactly correspondent length of strings] to have always its true or firm situation upon the belly, for from the due observation of this, or these Articles, the better the Viol will sound or play, nay from theses hitchings or jerkings not being right, the Instrument will be more disoblig'd than one would imagine.

 

Page 145:

(whole page crossed out yet readable)

To the bottom of Page 52

 

Jangling. But now, as the Viol when rightly manag'd is indeed a very fine Instrument of Musick, it may not be amiss if I here add something more as touching its using; so towards which I have found it improper when not in playing to leave the Strings to the Pitch [or to its Pitch] for that will not only ocassion 'em more frequently to break [and whenas as I have shewn, it is commonly some trouble to get them, or any one of them refitted] but withal, the Instrument will not then sound so well, or be quite so brisk when it comes to play; therefore, as pursuant to this I generally slacken its third and fourth strings about a Flat 3rd, its second String about the large Note more than them, and the first about a Note more still slack, by which their Guts will not shrink from the Wire so as to jarr, or render the whole disagreeable: When set up to play, or when in setting up [the Viol being laid on a Cloth upon a Table] each String must be jerk'd or pinch'd at the Bridge, i.e. prest one way whilst its part of the Bridge is prest the other way, and so as not only to leave the top of the Bridge at its due distance from the Nut, as by the Rule or Gage above spoken of, but also that no one string may want the top of the Bridge to be at ease, as well as at the same time [viz. from the clearly correspondent length of strings] to have always its true or firm situation upon the Belly, for then the better the Viol will sound; now all this I observe for reason here given, and as more especially, or touching the easing of the Strings because I do by seldom play, so the whole of this may be as any Man's experience will best direct him; ^c Take farther on Page 166 at c.

 

 

 

page 146;

 

To page 113 at V this interline. P laced in position

 

V Monochord, but not to be understood to come up as near that end as can be from the drawing of the Wire, but that the beginning of what must be consern'd in sounding [viz. at the bridge] to be about 9 Inches from the said end, for with too great a degree of frugality in the matter, the Octave&c. may be render'd as Mathematically speaking too strait: And now, from

 

To Page 122 at 4 this following. P laced in position

 

4  : For from the most strict Experiments with two perfect Monochords [ as sounded upon what results from the Circle as above] I found [as with respect to single Consonances] the Bearing of all the Chords to be as it were respectively alike, consequently for instance, and as in chief, that that of the 5th not to be in any the least degree worse by what is allotted to it, viz. about 3/10 Comma Flat, but may still be said to be a s thence in kind rather better than the Sharp 6th. with its allotment of about 1/10 Comma Sharp; but what I am here about, as by way of Distinction or definition to shew as, that was the said 5th to be taken a little wider or sharper, or was it so requir'd and as when the Sharp 6th will bear no more [viz. than 1/10th Comma Sharp] the following confusion, and not only as touching harmony, but as more especially touching meldoy would as thence arise (and consequently

 

 

Page 147: p laced on page 122

 

ly the same to be spoil'd thereby, the which I from Experience have affirm'd to be right truly perfect in itself) as may be seen from the Circle hereto belonging; or as here inferred, wherein from C, as round to C again let the Octave in its seven, or in seven proper Divisions [as resulting from the foundation intimat'd] be represented; and then, as in supposing the 5th and as here for instance that 5th ascending from C to G, as like manner that that 5th descending from C to F to be each requir'd any small quantity wider, as may conveniently be observ'd in instancing in 1/10 Comma Sharper, as is proportionally represented in the drawing; consequently then as by Ocular Demonstration, the Note [or Interval] from F to G would become 2/10 Comma wider, and as all the Notes [or larger Notes] must be alike, that Note therefore from C to D must likewise become /10 Comma wider, &c, and so on course the Sharp 3rd as from C to E 4/10 Comma wider and what would make it 2/10 Comma sharp , instead of its being in its most truly Melodious Latitude, viz.in its being about 2/10 Comma flat and as also the fine Chord, the sharp 6th, as is highly to be observ'd, ascending from c to A 3/10 Comma wider, or sharper and that would then be, or make it to be 4/10 Comma sharp in all, it being about 1/10 as already upon the proper or true Foundation, and that as all that it [as such] will bear; and in like manner, the Flat 3rd, will also be monstrously spoil'd by the sharpness of the sharp 6th so the whole thing would be thrown into great confusion or disorder as indeed it has all along hitherto been, viz. in some degree upon the Organ, harpsichord and Spinet, the lesser notes withal, and as remarkably touching melody, as them [or such as them] from E to F and B to C 5/10 Comma too strait; and therefore as this is the nature of the

 

 

Page 148:

 continued?  p laced on page 122

 

 

the division of the Octave, and when moreover the various Effects, or Qualifications of the Chords themselves as touching harmony or Intervals more chiefly touching Melody are not by our reason fairly to be weigh'd, consequently from the whole, it would hardly ever have been in the power of man [ as without any adherence to something as a real Foundation as at first viz. after some wrong nthings , or Imaginations, was providentially try'd by me] ever i say to have establish'd the Matter right, viz. accordingly as treated Page 9 - but as here to proceed, it may not as farther be amiss to observe, that if the 5th was but to be widen'd 1/20 Comma, i.e. to be taken no more than 1/4 Comma flat, then the Sharp 6th would become about that same quantity sharp, the which is, or would still be very far out of the Question, as not admitting of any more that 1/10, and whereby it, as touching true Melody becomes exactly, as also, the 5th with its 3/10 Comma the other way &c. So as the Bearing of the Chords [tho' not with respect to Space or measure, but] with respect to harmony, as here above as it were respectively alike as well as whence each Interval to be render'd thence be exactly true or perfect as both with respect to Melody it is now as a Consequent to be observ'd [as is already intimated] that every Chord or Interval

 

 

Let the Draught front somewhere here or the foregoing Page.

 

X to the following page at X it is as therefore [viz. from such an excellent property in its Voice] a very notable Instrument, and the same may be said of the Violoncello.

 

 

Page 149:

 

T his page is very confusing - it may be a run-on from the previous page (p122?) and needs to be sorted out with reference to the original and hardcopy to match the intended sequence and positions.

 

 

val when at the highest degree of Perfection [ or as when even to perfection itself] is then nearly upon the Brink of being nothing and as the same is the Ordinance of Divine Providence, where is the Man as above imply'd (page 30, &c.) that dare find fault with the dispensation ? and tho' (as in consequence) it be at the same time a very nice Point to hit it right, or to hit at all right. +

no remedy being as sought after, but all possible care as with Art to be otherwise to be taken for fear of varying as in the least debasing the Thing.

^A^

but even, or as notwithstanding any Difficulty, it [the Scale of Musick] ought certainly in its Perfection, and to its Perfection to be admir'd in its use or service to the praise of God ^a

 

is touch'd or hit upon the Violin [was it not a Concealer of Faults or of abuses in the Scale of Musick] is not to be accounted for, as likewise the same upon the Violoncello tho' naturally to be done, viz. without any trouble or care by good Voices! for from this Drawing it may naturally, or at least reasonably be ask'd, how can the Violin [as commonly us'd] be so perfect as generally spoken of? whenas here, where the Notes are represented large, or the Scale great, yet still a little to break squares , as is fairly to be seen from ocular demonstration, the small Divisions truly representing the tenths of a Comma, whenas I have spoken of the twentieth [how could the fingers hit it?], and whenas the Organ, Harpsichord, and Spinet, require to be Tun'd to the niceness here shewn, or as is here by the Circle [or as when even to Perfection itself] represented *4 and this I have also verify'd for to the purpose confirm'd from due experience upon the viol; but notwithstanding all this or whatever else as the Violin [and as chiefly us'd in quick Musick] will conceal faults in sol fa &c. or the true Notes of nature re-

 

 

 

c were there no other incitements to be observ'd, as by David &c. to the Purpose; but  A^ and that even because

 

e to their perfection ^ Z even to

 

d

Now my next, or last.

F To Page 149 this interlude (crossed out)

 

Thing! but however, as hence forth it may the most certainly, or to the greatest nicety be done by the help of a proper set of Forks, tun'd exactly to a perfect Monochord, for by which, each Fork may be Tun'd to the Thousand part of a Note or less, and each one of which forks can and as when at and the most proper Degree of Heat [as by a Thermometer] also be strictly apply'd to its corresponding Pipe of an Organ!

^b but even as notwithstanding any Difficulty, it [the Scale of Musick] ought certainly in its

 

G to the foregoing Page at G

 

When the other was to David (crossed out) l ike Marrow and Fatness; and wherewith he drove away the evil Spirit from Saul; and by which the Hand of God came upon Elijha: ^ *d

Therefore certainly ^Gx on the Back Cover

 

[ as touching the Matter] our best, or most prudent skill must be very good viz. as when truly verify'd (crossed out)

 

b y properly due Ex-

f  Declaration or Pronunciation of the true Providence

 

* d  And certainly, as for instance (and as I have known Experience, as well as in many other Psalms) it must afford a a fine ^f

 

At the true Providence of God to hear the Words or Lines of the 145 Psalm

 

handsomely and audibly given out by the Clark ^c and to be joinly handl'd in a Laudable becoming chearful and decent manner by the Singers &c. it may afford a Divine Contemplation as being then so much to Praise and Glory of God, the ultimate end of all:

 

Cx on the Book cover.

c [not but that the parson might do it as he pleas'd, and could do it well, but I have not heard or seen a Clark likely so to do it in London was the Parson to permit it, but I say when so] and to be jointly

x [for the pride of the Parson]

 

Written in the left margin vertically and crossed out;

b nay, from late Experience my son has found that Forks can be apply'd even with greater success to the Tuning of A Harpsichord or Spinet than the Monochord i.e. with much more ease, and to greater exactness than the said Monochord itself by which they are Tuned, fine Mediators indeed! but in that point they have not yet been experienced as with respect to the Tuning of

 

At A on the Book cover.

 

 

Page 150:

 T o Page 49 this interline at A.copied to page 49

 

And the same, to a farther proof or Confirmation of the matter, may also upon the Viol, as with respect to melody be observ'd, viz. in the sharpness requir'd in the Flat 6th, as in That from E the Open Note of the third string to C upon the second String, &c., no abatement in the least to be allow'd of in its sharp latitude [viz. of about 2/10 Comma, or as more exactly speaking from its allotment as upon the Foundation of ,00109 Sharp] when taken as a true Interval of melody belonging to any Tune; nay it is still farther, or as here withal to be observ'd [as above intimated] that with the strings (as well as the Fretts) as they ought to be, and as when untouch'd, as by not playing for some time [or perhaps sometimes if it be but for a day or two] and then to be touch'd or play'd by a Hand not sweaty, the Sharp 6th must at the first tuning (as in which tuning to be observ'd as above) seem, as with respect to Consonancy [or as in the sounding co-temporaneous with the Bow] even quite out of Tune wide or sharp, as that from C the open Note of the fourth string to A upon the third string, and from E the Open Note of the Third String to C# upon the second &c.so from the warmth of the hand, as will in playing, as well as for checks in tuning be apply'd hence the Viol

 

 

T o page 65 this interline at b copied to page 65

 

b [and as without Interludes &c. upon the Organ, and as for the most part avoiding scraps of Psalms, or any pretended Wisdom thereby above that of the Psalmists] should take any of their Business out of their Hands [viz. by their going out the scope of the Psalms in a proper manner, or as by not letting their Divine Drifts, or Sacred Precepts to be smother'd] they had much better shew

 

T o the note on Page 150 at b.

 

saving in any Thing, as by way of Miracle to be excepted, as was to be the case with Christ's Apostles  ;i at i on the Book cover at the fore end.

but still after all, as touching instruction [and that from what cause so ever to be attain'd] Hebrew the 8, and as according to jeremiah the 31, all shall know me &c.; but the which still, not seemingly thence from the virtue of any Preaching by Man then to be present, But rather from what is, or may be contain'd or imply'd in the praising of God, the Efficacy of which being to continue the same for ever; but Note, I have not here said that the Parson needs not to read his Absolution, but only, that the other must more extraordinary.

 

 

Page 151:

ply'd to that end of the Strings, the sharp 6th here spoken of, will, as with respect to what may be observ'd in tuning, become, in a little time flatten'd, viz. so where they ought to be, and so indeed must the 5th be also thereby flatten'd, as that from C the open note of the fourth string to G upon the third, &c, but as Mathematically speaking not so much, the stoppings for them, in this case, being nearer the Nut, but still, as not thence in tuning [viz. as in the exactly preserving the double Octaves &c. to be to the Ear in the least discernibly flatten'd in the said 5ths shew what a tickle bit the Sharp 6th. turns upon: Hence the Viol

 

 

In a marginal space against its place.

 

" That is in the having or finding the Open Notes of the first, second, and sixth strings to be exactly true in succession, as is easy, or naturally to be observ;d, whether so or from the tuning.

 

page 152:

 

To page 120 this interline at a.

 

the matter being as I have observ'd, That if, at the beginning to Tune, the Monochord be in any degree colder and damper than the Spinet&c. thereby to be tun'd, and as in beginning with its lowest Note [viz. withthat G below the midle of the Spinet] and so taking each Note and String in order upwards, as G# the next and so on, then the result [at the Octave] will be, that from the flattening of the Monochord in the Operation the Octave will be found too strait or bad, but the 6th, as meaning single Consonances, too good; and on the contrary, if at the beginning to Tune, the Monochord be too dry and warm 9the Operation to be as before) the Octave will be found too wide, as also the 5th and 3rd [as Single Consonances] too good, but the 6ths from wideness [or sharpness] very bad or even nought, so I say, lest anything should happen in some small degree, either way wrong from these Cases here shewn it must

 

Page 153:

 

To page 121 at b this interline.

 

as checks upon the Octaves, since, from the common Wire, they cannot be set so exactl as might be from such Strings as above for a Monochord, nor indeed can the Unisons themselves, as here above in the first place be set to mathematically true to the Monochord as might be or with such Strings, so I say the 10ths and 12ths, as checks upon the Octaves must both

 

To page 138 at a

 

But as to the finding the new Radical Number for the Thicknesses viz. after the Thickness of the Treble in Eight is at any Time, or for any design'd Peal as above ascertain'd, mr. Lionell Charlton, teacher of the Mathematicks at Whitby in Yorkshire, did, after the Communication of my papers to him , as by my nephew Mr. henry harrison of Barrow, did I pay luckily, or as more properly through sagacity hit upon a method for finding the radical Number for the Tenor, viz. the radical Number, to a Mathematical truth, wherefrom to begin the calculations for the Thicknesses of all intermediate Bells - without repeated Operations as spoken of above, and the which is as followeth. Let the Logarithm of the Thickness of the treble in Eight, be substracted from the Logarithm of the Thickness of the tenor,

 

Page 154;

 

at top

 

f [as being indeed the chief or as the chief Matter if rightly

 

g  (as by the Bishops University or Parliament) might, or still may be thought as indispensibly

 

In left margin

d Praise of Almighty God cannot well be too highly spoken of ^ f whatever sides ^g as indispensibly necessary to be observ'd or perform'd in the Church; for withal, from Example in the Lord's Prayer, the Petitions pertaining to ^e

 

a their new - fashionedly turning all into preaching ^ i  or as in other words in their lying as it were all the stress thereupon, and as thence to tell their

 

e God's Glory, ran previous so then for man's good: ^m -loose paper

 

i [or into surprizing preaching] or as in

 

 

Yenor, and their Difference, with a third part of the same added thereto will be the Radical Number; or as he at first confirm'd the Matter, viz. that the said Difference to be multiply'd by 4, and the procuct divided by 3, was as he found to produce the Thing; therefore, to the Beauty of the Same, as by way of Analogy it must be proper to say, As 3 is to the Difference between the Log. of the Thickness of the Tenor, and that of the Treble [in Eight]: So is 4 to the Radical Number sought; a notable Discovery indeed, considering the nature of the View whereby he was led to find it, seem it ever so simple now in itself!

 

Now since ^ viz, page 138

 

h  when as otherwise as now in common it must be a placing david low] whatever besides ^g

 

To Page 96 this interline at b

 

b viz. as in ^a  their hearers that they ought never to let the pleasantness of any Musical Pslamody tickle their ears, when the Subject Matter thereof does not touch their Hearts (no such Charge as that at the Play-House} and as when at the same time, through piece-meal Hodge-podge, and other imperfectness, not suffering, or not clearly permitting or affording the substance of the Matter to be known; ^8? [the security

 

 

return to a Page 96

 

To Page 96 at C at the bottom.

C: But Note, I have not said that all Parsons may be so as here above, for I have known more than one, who from the opportunity of hearing, took accasion to extol to the very height such Church Psalmody as I would be understood to have, as in this Book advanc'd; and certainly then in the right, since the handsomely handling the ^d

 

 

Page 155:

 

left margin:

 

e [and as when they do not rightly give thanks for the present] and as notwithstanding its

 

b  [or at there suffering it the better to their purpose to be apply'd];

 

a [and in a Church] will

 

c nay as still farther , and as chiefly to be regarded, not withstanding all King David's Induements or Instruments relating to the Matter! *whence*

 

 

Body of Page:

 

To Page 92 at C this interline.

 

c[ as wel las from the parsons not ingenuously wanting, or permitting Psalmody to be any better, i.e. so as whereby it might have its true scope, Divine or Sacred Drift] they can, according to

 

 

To Page 92 at d

 

d therefore in which case, or as with respect to the use of Musick, the Play-House has by far the advantage; the masters thereof, contrary to the Parsons, so well approving of the Matter, and as thence so their Purpose better applying it ^ b; for, for the most part, the Parson of a Church ^a will have the Importance of this Divine Gift to be but so very low or mean, as hardly to be worthy of any notice, or as there would have it so to be render'd [viz.like the deaf Adder that stoppeth her Ears] notwithstanding his being denominated the Shepherd to conduct his Sheep to the other Land of canaan ^e and as notwithstanding its great, powerful, and natural influences towards that Purpose on towards good when rightly 6 or intelligibly apply'd, and well perform'd ^c * whence consequently, from such stupid or unnatural meanness the Shepherd cannot be said to be truly what he ought to be, and the Clark no other than as his Curr Dog or hardly so much

 

== take on the following Page at 8c = on a loose paper.

 

* As according to Psalm 92, insisted a Psalm or Song for the Sabbath-day; but however I think, from which Psalm and Dedication thereof when first made, it

 

 

Page 156:

 

In left margin:

g take this interline at 3, Page 163.

 

B take this interline at B on the Book cover.

 

D take this interline at the fore end of the Book at D.

 

f University's excellency, non-excellency, or

 

c any proper design in

 

b save only without those words, As we forgive them that trespass against us];"

 

d or significant

e and that is (as now when on course) to be But hardly so well as if not us'd at all ^f h

 

a seems to be meant that other Psalms were to be, or might as then be sung more frequently on other Days than it; but now [or in our time] we are to understand, that by or from the goodness or rectitude of the Play-House &c. all is to be as otherwise ^2 sufficiently answer'd, or ^3 made up.

 

To the foregoing Page at 2c.

 

2c for certainly ^g a Sermon might as well be smother'd at any time as a Psalm, for otherwise, a Parson [or Preacher] mus be said to be a greater Representative of Christ, than ever David, [or the Royal Psalmist] as was being a

 

To Page 156 at D, this interline following

 

D  viz. by not affording them their due, or as by not suffering them to be laudably handl'd, or even as by their not providing, viz. as far as they can for 'em so to be done by would be as much as to advance a repugnancy quite contradictory to the merit of his coming, for that would be as in other words, just as if Christ's mighty Works, as recited in the Gospel, were quite to disparage, or rather as it were to out shame or set at nought the handsomely Celebrating his other wonderful Works, or such as were done by the same Almighty Power of Old, whenas withal He

his wonderful Works of old; whenas withal, H did not so much as alter any proper design in praying "[the

 

 

Type; B^ * for was it to be said that Christ taught Parsons [by Preaching] to people the Psalms, ^D

 

would ^A be as much as to advance a repugnancy quite contradictory to the merit of His coming; neither did he withal so much as alter material circumstances indeed! Since different, or various Accents &c. may not when improper hinder, or when proper in force the sense of a Word or of Words, but can even sometimes quite alter the sense of the same!] nay I think praying "[ the Lord's Prayer being included in the Jewish Liturgies ^b] therefore it might be from pride ^f or from some other nonsensical cause [as is in the most general view to be taken] that Preaching and Psalmody are now become almost repugnant to each other, save only when the Psalmody is very short, and consequently of no consistent, ^d meaning, neither as thence material in what Version, but as therein to admit the sound of an Organ where it is, and in the manner it is us'd ^e; A

 

Now, At the Country Church to which I belong'd , Continued below page 157

 

A at A on the following Page &c. this interline and then a break and continue

 

fh at the fore end of the Book at f this interline.

To Page 156 at f h? this interline

f  or at least no better than as imply'd in a Note above, viz. there for the Parson, at the Sound of the Organ to go a little more brisk to the Communion Table, or up to the Pulpit Hence from the whole as by way of Corollory [tho'

 

To Page 156 at B this interline.

 

^Y  and whenas certainly, there cannot now amongst us be so very much occasion for Preaching as when Christ himself Preach'd [or ????? first   Instructions] and afterwards sent his Disciples like Sheep among Wolves to do the same, was it to be said that Christ taught Parsons [by Preaching] to stifle (?)

 

a^E or when St. Paul fought (as it were) with Beasts at Ephesus &c.

 

To the foregoing Page at Cx this interline

 

Cx therefore as agin, this Matter, or indispensable Performance, may at the same time be so in itself as not only to be very taking, but also very good and highly Estimable, viz. as when truly verify'd as I have known by properly due Experience and that is as by

 

To page 156 at g this interline

 

g nothing becomes now to be notify'd but a Sermon, save only, and as still for the worse, that People are but hardly any better for it, yea not withstanding its becoming what they chiefly hanker after, and not that through the poor management undertakingness, nay even mock or abuse of Psalmody for all that is commonly now to be heard in that way, being almost as nothing at all to the purpose for by their only strong or great adherency, whenas on the other hand in the making withal, or rather as in chief the Praise of God to be Gloroius [ as according to Psalm 66 &c.] a good Effect, as I have known frm Experience, would as thence, as touching the whole Service be produc'd; but without my Experience as touching the heights of this Matter, it must be certain that a Sermon might

 

Page 157:

long'd, each, or every line in these Psalms, as in part exhibited above], as likewise in all others [they sing] are given out; and as with respect to these Tunes here above inserted as also to most of their others in the key [save only, but as very material to be observ'd or perform'd, nay highly to be minded, and that besides the regard to what is, or may be due to the stops, with such close variations therefrom, as some different Accents &c. may in some Words, or parts of some Lines most necessarily, or as the most advantageously or rather emphatically require^c] nay I think we us'd  but two Tunes wherein was better [and as with the same remarks or as imply;d] requiring a 5th above, but however in both Cases distinctly intelligibly by the Clark, but notwithstanding, by which means [besides the great benefit accrewing from what has been recited] the singers have

 

return to the top of page 93, but take the Note on Page 92

 

To the foregoing Page at A, this interline.

 

A: Hemce from the whole as by way of Corollary [tho' commonly through Custom the contrary, or as passing unregarded], except the Clark, besides as in the first place with his truly liking to that Office, can with with right Skill and properness of Voices, but as in the main without any Church or Spiritual Beniface, can I say be nearly as rich as the Parson, with such [that is meaning, richer than a Levite was] it must be now but hardly possible for him to make a good Clark, or rightly to discharge what ought to be, or rather what must be necessary therein and that with such  Zeal or Courage as to conspire with his said liking, Credit or Reputation, and the which must consequently be according to the Prophet Joel, without his being ashamed; the Psalmist, tho' a great Petitioner for, or respecter

 

Page 158:

 c ontinued from previous page 157

 

specter of the Poor being no less than a King; not that but a poor Man [when naturally and duly qualify'd for the purpose] may speak in a Church in the name of God, and consequently there in the Name of a King ^A as well surely as any other Person [fitly chosen] may do as with respect to the latter in a Play-House  yea in both which as well as of himself [it not being a thing quite impossible to be done, or for such a Permission to be well acquir'd, viz. when at least to be with a company with a set of good Psalm singers] and tho' Oxford and Cambridge may as imply'd or may as in general blow over it,

 

 

and that as by or from a certainty of rearing or producing Parsons so to do, as not being or proving suitable, but rather repugnant or incoherent to David's way of praying and praising of God, and as therein consequently to his way of handling Divine Precepts, as of Reproofs, Exhortations or Admonitions, i.e. to his way of managing, delivering or inforcing them as for instance the 32 Psalm well, or suitably handl'd [as being imply'd withal a psalm of David to give instruction] must be a more extraordinary Absolution than what any Parson can otherwise make or pronounce; saving for it is to be understood that an Act, or Acts of Parliament.

 

take farther to this Note Page 164 at b.

To Page 158 this Note

 

+ And here it may be worthy remark, that was the main drift of the Psalms, consequently the whole of most of them, and at proper seasons to be given out distinctly in the King's Chappel Royal [as in the New Version] and not as only so in that the most weighty or primary point but as farther in other respects [ as jusy here above imply'd] viz. to be handled there in a laudable manner, they would certainly [as according to the Advice, or given Example of the Psalmist] be more proper than all the Anthems, or what we call Anthems, in the World, viz. as pick'd or cull'd from here and there, {and as with superfluous Fugues and Repetitions.

 

d to the bottom of Page 163 at d, the following.

 

d And certainly, was we to take no Notice of this, neither as farther of King David's Exhortations hereto, and that because our Saviour said nothing, or was occasion'd to say nothing about the Matter; but as on the contrary, was we wholly to adhere to the same Book call'd the Apostolical Constitutions, I can by no means see

 +X

 

towards any proper or true Religion, but only (as on the contrary) a very great advance towards our becoming possess'd, even of what might well be call'd the greatest stupidity in the World!

^G

 

 

Page 159:

 

 

p robably continued from end of previous page 158

 

l iament can by no means insure into any the knowledge, or manner of such ^c so consequently what is done, is, or must be from the training up of any Man as by or from a never failing power [viz. So as whereby as Money to make a Parson, [the which as with respect to some other Businesses ingenious might sometimes come short]; whenas a good Clark [if so to be styl'd or esteem'd] can only, or is only to grow, as it were by meer chance and meer sufference, *  notwithstanding King David to his Purposes had Jeduthun the chief Musician &c., B ut surely, as with respect to our Clarks or head Management, that is now as nothing. and the which certainly was not, or could not be for any good performances of such paltry scrap work as now in common, viz. for a meer outside shew of the solidity wherewith he the Royal Psalmist most heartily and truly adorn'd the Sacred Worshiping of Almighty God, and the which as maintain'd in itself, was not only to be agreeable, or to be as a true Grace to Religion, or as indispensibly necessary thereto as practised by the Jews, but was also to be the same in effect when under the Gospel of Christ, for when Christ instructed his Disciples to bring all nations over to his Faith, he did not say nor intimate, that Singing to the Praise and Glory of God was a Thing, or was to become a Thing immaterial! no certainly! the Order, Stamp or Authority from Almighty God, that so it should stand, or continue to have its full scope and Dignity

 

To Page 160 this interline following

 

F but perhaps [and as already imply'd] it may be said that there are several passages in the Psalms, or as oft times in one and the same Psalm, not seemingly to be coherent to what in its beginning is aim'd at; but the answer to which is, that the same may be said of Chapters, or Places in the Gospel, and as also of other parts of Scripture when not rightly understood; whence, the subject matter of Preaching ought to be chiefly rich(?), as that the one might be understood or perform'd as well as the other; otherwise they [the Preacher] may, or might as well not Preach at all, or they cannot be said to be sent, for if their Preaching be not coherent thereto, it must only become as a meer Ceremony, as was the case with the jews, (as above) as touching their Sacrifices, Pslam 50; but indeed, as the

but indeed, as the Hebrew of the Psalms [or the Psalms as in the hebrew] would not, or could not do with as, neither, as we do not thoroughly know how it was [ or they were] us'd, we may be somewhat at a loss; but still, or as nevertheless, how acceptable it was to God, and as with Musick thereunto adapted, we read in an especial

 

 To Page 159 at C this interline as followeth.

 

C  or at least that never yet was the case; and as otherwise concerning the matter, the closer any Connexion the Clark has, or can have with the Parson the worse it is to be found [ and that is because, as above intimated, he may be afraid of disobliging his Master or the Pride or secular pride of his Master i.e. as in other words, to be afraid that his master should envy his doing some good, notwithstanding the drift?  be the drift of the matter to be at any time, and as with due performance ever so much to the Praise and Glory to God]; so con-

 

 

 

Take this note on the loose paper at delta.

 

Page 160;

 

a & c in left margin:

 

c^ as by or with a Company of good Singers in our Publick Worship, and as chiefly then

 

a^ viz, as when truly verify'd by properly due Experience, ^c  with suitableness of Tunes or Musical Compositions; and as touching the psalms themsleves, not to make paltry scrap-work, or piece-meal Hodge Podge. But I say as  was

 

F at he fore end of the Book

 

Dignity throughout all Ages in the World, must be very great according to David its Author, yea notwithstanding any disparagement whatever, as through oversight, misunderstanding, abuse or slight as now so common in the Matter; to the shame of many be it spoken! *? but indeed as the Hebrew Meeter of the Psalms would not, or could not do with us neither as we do not thoroughly know how it was us'd. *F  but I say, as the Hebrew Meeter could not do with us, this (as first here above treated of) was never likely to be the case under the meeter of Hopkins and Sternhold, and even now, our new or compleat Version, as by Tate and Brady, is through fantasy and misunderstanding, [as in some Books]; become already [viz. in some places] most spuriously adulterated, and may be in danger of being still more, if not in time prevented; a sign indeed that our Clergy take but hardly any thought or notice about the Matter! and whenas still, as touching the same, Bishop Beveridge happen'd for some time to fall under a great mistake even about he knew not what!  But here it is to be remembered, as hath already been spoken of, and whatever the Hebrew Musick was or might be ^C yet

 

* Take this interline on page 163 ;but still, or as nevertheless, how

 To Page 159 at C this interline as followeth.

 

C  or at least that never yet was the case; and as otherwise concerning the matter, the closer any Connexion the Clark has, or can have with the Parson the worse it is to be found [ and that is because, as above intimated, he may be afraid of disobliging his Master or the Pride or secular pride of his Master i.e. as in other words, to be afraid that his master should envy his doing some good, notwithstanding the drift?  be the drift of the matter to be at any time, and as with due performance ever so much to the Praise and Glory to God]; so con-

 

To Page 160 this interline following

 

F but perhaps [and as already imply'd] it may be said that there are several passages in the Psalms, or as oft times in one and the same Psalm, not seemingly to be coherent to what in its beginning is aim'd at; but the answer to which is, that the same may be said of Chapters, or Places in the Gospel, and as also of other parts of Scripture when not rightly understood; whence, the subject matter of Preaching ought to be chiefly rich(?), as that the one might be understood or perform'd as well as the other; otherwise they [the Preacher] may, or might as well not Preach at all, or they cannot be said to be sent, for if their Preaching be not coherent thereto, it must only become as a meer Ceremony, as was the case with the jews, (as above) as touching their Sacrifices, Pslam 50; but indeed, as the

but indeed, as the Hebrew of the Psalms [or the Psalms as in the hebrew] would not, or could not do with as, neither, as we do not thoroughly know how it was [ or they were] us'd, we may be somewhat at a loss; but still, or as nevertheless, how acceptable it was to God, and as with Musick thereunto adapted, we read in an especial

 

 

 

Return to Page 160.

or with Company of good Singers [properly plac'd] in our Publick Worship, and as together with proper Qualifications in the Clark, and as then farther with suitableness of

 

b as if God Almighty wa whimsical or changeable, ^X or

 

Y Type;  for certainly, it ought not so to be taken in the least, ^b as that any misunderstanding should have arose betwixt David and Christ, and as all along to continue for so great a space or interval of Time, neither certainly, as now among us, can it be said that there is so very mush occasion.

 

E Take this interline at E at the fore end of the Book.

 

X (written in the left margin vertically)

or as that the New Testament should in effect be so design'd as quite to contradict the Old, or rather [as here chiefly meant] as that any misunderstanding

 

To Page 160 this Interline following.

* still or as nevertheless, and as with Musick thereunto adapted, but how acceptable to God ^? we read in an especial manner and as upon a special occasion in the fifth Chapter of Chronicles, and certainly Christ neither did not could come to explode or abolish the Effects of the same, notwithstanding we have nothing expressly about it from Him himself, and that as may be thought, because of the great Opposition and ill Treatment he met with, or was to have from the Jews;

E may be notify'd that the priests (in the consort above) had the Trumpets, the most noisy Things, as we may suppose in the Matter, but as in the twenty fifth Chapter of the first of Chronicles, the others were said even to prophesy with Harps, psalteries, and Cymbals, &c. and in second of Chronicles the thirtieth King Hezekiah spake comfortably, or to the heart unto all the Levites that taught the good knowledge of the Lord, or that had good knowledge to sing unto the Lord:

^d

d take farther to this at d Page 169

 

in left margin

W  to Preaching the most worthy or the most laudable praising of God becomes over-set whenas on the

 

 

 

Page 161:

 

yet made our Singing, viz. where †˙´® had been a Company of Such young Men as were w®†˙y to be Denominated Singers, any better but worse, as happening partly from such Tunes as were us'd, with the manner of thereupon handl'd, and that as together for the most part, with unsuitableness in Pitch, nay, to add to such Tunes as are very improper and untaking, I have seen a Psalm Tune [in score] which was made by the great Mr. Handel, the most unfit for a Church that ever any Tune could well be, but the which I suppose was never nor never will be there us'd. [a Psalm-Tune in English Meeter being quite out of his way]: But here it must be highly necessary to observe, that besides a properness of choice, or suitableness as touching Tunes, and wherein it is, or rather must be a Rule or Stint? [ as I well know or have known, from long and suitable Experience to the purpose as even from about the space of 1620 years] that no Note in the tenor Part of a Sharp Key Tune [viz. as when highly becoming the Basses, to sound plump at the Octave below its key or Pitch] ought ever to rise more than a Sharp 6th above the same, no nor in any one such Tune (as for the Church) not many, or as not above two or three so high, I say besides this remark, there ought also to be a due improvement in the Organ, as that instead of so many stops, the Noise of the Organ [when in Singing] being neither needful commendable nor laudable to out-do that of the Singers, whence consequently [for this purpose] so consist but of such Pipes, and in such Proportion as will best stand in Tune, I say instead of a many Stops, its Construction [for good Psalmody] ought so to be order'd as that the

 

 

left margin:

 

cd to cd on the foregoing Page.

Cd (but the which still, as is to be suppos'd, was compris'd of but few Notes, to no great Nicety as touching Pitch requir'd that no Organ in any of our Parochial Churches, and (when according to our best taste of the Matter hitherto has ever as yet made

 

b to the Praise of God in English Meeter

 

 

Page 162: in Left margin

 

f either for the Tenor or Bass]

 

the Pitch for any Tune might at least be taken at four different heights, in the space or compass of the larger Note, i.e. at least to the fourth part of the same, so that at all times or in seasons, the most natural Pitch requir'd for any Tune might at least never be taken above one eighth of the Note too flat or too sharp, i.e. meaning at any time as with respect to what the Singers would best like to have it [as by experience from the assistance of a Thermometer, properly adapt'd or plac'd by the Organ], for they the Singers ought certainly, as primarily or principally to be suited in Pitch, as being indeed the chief Instruments as with respect to the good of the matter; and as with respect to the good of the matter; and as farther it is to be affirm'd, and as with respect to the most general, or the more extensive good than what I am as just here about to speak of, and as I shall exhibit from experience below, that if instead of an Interlude or Shake upon the Organ [as being indeed only as a shuffle instead of what ought to be or of such a punctual Declaration of what's in hand as ought to be, and the which sometimes is by some Organists, a very tedious Matter], that I say from the handsomely or laudably having the Words or Lines from the Clark, the Organist [if he has a good Voice] might as withal, not only hear, but jointly to his commendation sing when he please'd, or as when he should think, or judge the most proper to what he's playing; a Gallery for the Singers to be before or not far from the Organ, and this certainly [as in itself, highly becoming the Order, or Design of a Church] would out-vie, at least be more renownable than all the Achievements of the Play-House, whatever; ^d

Take further to this at d, page 168

 

Now, At the Country Church to which

FR OM HERE ON COPIED AND MOVED TO INDICATED PAGES EXCEPT The "where does this go?" sections:

T o Page 162 at d, this following.

 

and that consequently besides [ as I have well known from Experience] in its great good, or natural virtue, viz. in the so inviting or rather as I may say, in its so engaging, and that [as from the Psalmist in such an especial and laudable manner young Men to come to the Church, as being withal exempt from the effects of any such scurvy, Methodist Order, viz. as whence to be imply'd, as not in the least to be priest-ridden: But to return, It is so X as well as Reason itself, by no means to the opposite interlines. (?)

 

a break, and return to the bottom of Page 156.

Page 163:

 

To page 156 at g this interline

 

g nothing becomes now to be notify'd but a Sermon, save only, and as still for the worse, that People are but hardly any better for it, yea not withstanding its becoming what they chiefly hanker after, and not that through the poor management undertakingness, nay even mock or abuse of Psalmody for all that is commonly now to be heard in that way, being almost as nothing at all to the purpose for by their only strong or great adherency, whenas on the other hand in the making withal, or rather as in chief the Praise of God to be Gloroius [ as according to Psalm 66 &c.] a good Effect, as I have known frm Experience, would as thence, as touching the whole Service be produc'd; but without my Experience as touching the heights of this Matter, it must be certain that a Sermon might

 

* Take this interline on page 163 ;but still, or as nevertheless, how

 

E on Page 170 this interline.

 

E To page 163 this interline.

 

E [ a grieved Jesus the son of God]; Jews; but was his silence in this Matter to be notify'd ^e

 

then I say (was his silence herein to be notify'd) it might also well be notify'd that Christ himslf never spoke any thing about the Appointment of Bishops, Deans, Preslyters,Deacons, &c.  a neither consequently as farther (and as hath been long in Notorious manner to be observ'd)  di he speak about them far out of th' way Things, viz ^f

The Pope, cardinals, jesuits &c.; but as here to proceed, It may be notify'd

 

 

To Page 160 this Interline following.

* still or as nevertheless, and as with Musick thereunto adapted, but how acceptable to God ^? we read in an especial manner and as upon a special occasion in the fifth Chapter of Chronicles, and certainly Christ neither did not could come to explode or abolish the Effects of the same, notwithstanding we have nothing expressly about it from Him himself, and that as may be thought, because of the great Opposition and ill Treatment he met with, or was to have from the Jews;

E may be notify'd that the priests (in the consort above) had the Trumpets, the most noisy Things, as we may suppose in the Matter, but as in the twenty fifth Chapter of the first of Chronicles, the others were said even to prophesy with Harps, psalteries, and Cymbals, &c. and in second of Chronicles the thirtieth King Hezekiah spake comfortably, or to the heart unto all the Levites that taught the good knowledge of the Lord, or that had good knowledge to sing unto the Lord:

^d

d take farther to this at d Page 169

 

in left margin

W  to Preaching the most worthy or the most laudable praising of God becomes over-set whenas on the

 

 

Page 164:

 

To the note on Page 150 at b.

 

saving in any Thing, as by way of Miracle to be excepted, as was to be the case with Christ's Apostles  ;i at i on the Book cover at the fore end.

but still after all, as touching instruction [and that from what cause so ever to be attain'd] Hebrew the 8, and as according to jeremiah the 31, all shall know me &c.; but the which still, not seemingly thence from the virtue of any Preaching by Man then to be present, But rather from what is, or may be contain'd or imply'd in the praising of God, the Efficacy of which being to continue the same for ever; but Note, I have not here said that the Parson needs not to read his Absolution, but only, that the other must more extraordinary.

To Page 96, this interline following at e.

 

 

 

e  and that each time with as it were a great deal to spare, viz. as discovering the Longitude to greater exactness than for what the Money was perscrib'd, whenas certainly the Commissioners, or as most especially the Clergy Part [or vile Holy Part] amongst them, ought rather, as a consequence in the Matter, to have told Me or my Son, viz. before they sent him upon the second Voyage, that in Case he again succeeded, they would, or could certainly through their great Ecclesiastical Power, even get the Act of Parliament alter'd, so as still to come short as touching the Money, yea altho' the said Act [according to the most wish'd for manner] should again be fulfill'd, viz. in the best manner, ever in Nature to be expected! as being

 

 

To Page 77, this interline following at a

 

a they being indeed, as mostly in general with respect to Mechanicks very ignorant, as only pretending skilful

Wh ere does this go? START

o Page 164 at i, this interline following.

 

i  (and the which seems so to be express'd, as never to have been design'd to have ceas'd, viz. any more than other things, or as most especially that concerning the Lord's Supper, but for some reason or other they did long ago cease; but whether it be matter of wonder or not, St. John in His Gospel speaks nothing about the continuation of wither; but still after all, as touching

 

 

g neither by what means they were to be appointed or ordain'd amd so as that some of 'em should have such vast great livings, whenas none, or one of his Apostles had any such Thing, and whenas according to Isiah the Matter was to be a Wine and Milk without Money and without Price; neither as consequently could be by any means, ever intend that

 

Written vertically in left margin:

 

a as according to Sir Isaac Newton)"

 

 

 

Page 165:

 (prolly continued from page 164)

skilful from poor Experiments in Things which need not to be try'd, or from the knowledge of what they call, or are called Mechanick Powers, viz. as they think they always are, or may be applicable in the contriving Machines for use or ingenuity, whenas the which can oft times, nay do oft times lead, insures or possess 'em with quite contrary Notions to what ought to be the secrets in this Science being oft times more mystical than what are in them styl'd Liberal, as may be perceiv'd in my Writings about my Machinery, and wherein are also such matters odf Consequence as have no relation to them [viz. to the said common Powers of mechanicks, and that even whether so far to be styl'd as Liberal or not] but as most specially here to my purpose, viz. as touching the mechanism of my Time-Keeper for the Longitude, the Professors, who by Act of Parliament happen'd to be my Masters (as here above mention'd, and as here to be notify'd) were, as I my? say no better than meer Novices or Coxcombs, or as in other words meer  Horn-Book, or at the farthest Spelling-Book Mechanicks, and acted with me no better than meer Scoundrels, or worse than High-way Men yet still, or as notwithstanding, able, wise, or good enough to be Master of Mechanicks to His Majesty, the Matter in that case being only, Parson like [viz. according to their highest Degree of Charity or Divinity] to come soon enough to get such a Place, i.e. before the Predecessor be well Dead, high commendations sure to England, because of such Encouragement to Ingenuity! viz. just the same as with respect to the mechanism of my said Time-Keeper, as if a poor, mean, or bad Mechanick unqualify'd for Divinity, could notwithstanding, by such means be advanc'd so high as, thence to become a Bishop! But to return from this

 

Page 166:

 

this Digression, and as according to the Composition of our Liturgy, viz. as if in the whole of which were no design for Singing, but only, as if upon the last consideration, a bit to be thrust in, as it were by the by,

i.e. the chiefest Matter, or everlasting Gospel hurfl'd(?) in by the by! for certainly it must be but hardly Homogeneal consequently rather impropoer to break off or rise up from Prayer.

 

Wh ere does this go? END

 

 

To Page 47 this interline following at b.

 

b  but here it may perhaps be nonsensically abjected that as with Fretts the variety of a close Shake is not to be expected, whenas from only varying the pressures of the Fingers at or upon the Fretts, the same when occasion are finely to be had, but if

 

 

 

Cr ossed out but readable here:

To the bottom of Page 145 at c

 

c but if the strings to be cover'd were put upon the stretch [or rather hung to stretch by properness of Weights, and so as not to untwist] for five or six days or even a week and then as one by one [immediately before its taking down to be cover'd in the Engine] to be wiped down from Oil, they would, as I know from experience be much better.

 

 

P age 167:

 

To Page 34 at A this following.

 

A for, since my first drawing up of these Papers I happen'd to have an Experiment in the rigging of a Violwhich a gentleman got made according to the make or shape of a Violincello, save only in its belly, back &c., as I was told by the maker not so thick] and wherein from the plumpness, or weight of strings it allow'd of viz. as therein together with their proper Tension, I found that the Fretts were not requir'd to lie so much a slant as above of, tha' there but little, and as chiefly to be notify'd, its Courage or Strength of Tone, was (from its constitution) much, greater than that of other Viols, or even as great as could be said to be  highly necessary

viz. as without what might be esteemed as surgeing (?), as well as the Musick, by means of the Fretts &c,, exceedingly fine and true, and with its length of strings for Consort Pitch.

 

so me readable crossed out section here

 

 

 

Page 168:

 To Page 159 at C this interline as followeth.

 

C  or at least that never yet was the case; and as otherwise concerning the matter, the closer any Connexion the Clark has, or can have with the Parson the worse it is to be found [ and that is because, as above intimated, he may be afraid of disobliging his Master or the Pride or secular pride of his Master i.e. as in other words, to be afraid that his master should envy his doing some good, notwithstanding the drift?  be the drift of the matter to be at any time, and as with due performance ever so much to the Praise and Glory to God]; so con-

 

To Page 162 at d, this following.

 

and that consequently besides [ as I have well known from Experience] in its great good, or natural virtue, viz. in the so inviting or rather as I may say, in its so engaging, and that [as from the Psalmist in such an especial and laudable manner young Men to come to the Church, as being withal exempt from the effects of any such scurvy, Methodist Order, viz. as whence to be imply'd, as not in the least to be priest-ridden: But to return, It is so X as well as Reason itself, by no means to the opposite interlines. (?)

 

a break, and return to the bottom of Page 156.

 

Page 169:

 

To Page 158 this Note

 

+ And here it may be worthy remark, that was the main drift of the Psalms, consequently the whole of most of them, and at proper seasons to be given out distinctly in the King's Chappel Royal [as in the New Version] and not as only so in that the most weighty or primary point but as farther in other respects [ as jusy here above imply'd] viz. to be handled there in a laudable manner, they would certainly [as according to the Advice, or given Example of the Psalmist] be more proper than all the Anthems, or what we call Anthems, in the World, viz. as pick'd or cull'd from here and there, {and as with superfluous Fugues and Repetitions.

 

d to the bottom of Page 163 at d, the following.

 

d And certainly, was we to take no Notice of this, neither as farther of King David's Exhortations hereto, and that because our Saviour said nothing, or was occasion'd to say nothing about the Matter; but as on the contrary, was we wholly to adhere to the same Book call'd the Apostolical Constitutions, I can by no means see

 +X

 

towards any proper or true Religion, but only (as on the contrary) a very great advance towards our becoming possess'd, even of what might well be call'd the greatest stupidity in the World!

^G

Wh ere does this go? Start

T ake farther on Page 170 at G

 

X how God Almighty should become worthily Prais'd in a Publick Assembly, and withal considering [tho' certainly unknown to the Royal Psalmist &c.] His substantial Foundation for the real Scale of Musick to exist, and that (as I have shewn) to a most Noble and Secret Mathematical Degree

^b

make any advance at all towards any proper or mathematical Degree, as well as at the same time for to to be as with respect to Humane Voices, wholly as it were an instinct of nature, yea [as in both Cases, or even as in either Case alone far Superior sure to what Mankind could ever have imagin'd, nay, a Stupendious matter indeed! Or that we should as on the other hand [viz. from such a superstitious Book as here above mentioned] make any advance at all towards any proper or

 

Wr itten vertically in left margin:

 

g and not to make himself, or to become as an Ignoramus [the which Solomon &c. by no means ever commended, or approved of] and whenas the other [as surfeiting, busy ignorant Work sure! and certainly in some measure tending towards the banishment of the true Wisdom of God, or as in other words, towards that of over-setting the best of Ingenuity in the World; whenas He by Wisdom establish'd the System or Systems of the Heavens &c.

^f

and whenas the other [as a Branch of the matter, and as chiefly with respect to what of ? here about] was to David in his way of Worship, like ????Marrow and????

 

f and certainly could never intend to render Man's Wisdom useless the which He was pleas'd to confer upon him, and as by which it must be that he was the more to Admire Him ^g

 

and whenas the other [as a Branch

 

Wh ere does this go? End

P age 170;

 

c or e?  [and as when it is quite uncertain, to us, whether He might then find it in the Temple &c. to be us'd in the manner in which it ought to be], then I say, (Was his silence herein to be notify'd) it might also

 

This line is in the  left margin: a nor even much about a priest of any sort, ^g g at the fore end of the Book

FR OM HERE ON COPIED AND MOVED TO INDICATED PAGES EXCEPT The "where does this go?" sections:

 

E To page 163 this interline.

 

E [ a grieved Jesus the son of God]; Jews; but was his silence in this Matter to be notify'd ^e

 

then I say (was his silence herein to be notify'd) it might also well be notify'd that Christ himslf never spoke any thing about the Appointment of Bishops, Deans, Preslyters,Deacons, &c.  a neither consequently as farther (and as hath been long in Notorious manner to be observ'd)  di he speak about them far out of th' way Things, viz ^f

The Pope, cardinals, jesuits &c.; but as here to proceed, It may be notify'd

 

 

F To Page 149 this interlude (crossed out)

 

Thing! but however, as hence forth it may the most certainly, or to the greatest nicety be done by the help of a proper set of Forks, tun'd exactly to a perfect Monochord, for by which, each Fork may be Tun'd to the Thousand part of a Note or less, and each one of which forks can and as when at and the most proper Degree of Heat [as by a Thermometer] also be strictly apply'd to its corresponding Pipe of an Organ!

^b but even as notwithstanding any Difficulty, it [the Scale of Musick] ought certainly in its

 

G to the foregoing Page at G

 

When the other was to David (crossed out) li ke Marrow and Fatness; and wherewith he drove away the evil Spirit from Saul; and by which the Hand of God came upon Elijha: ^ *d

Therefore certainly ^Gx on the Back Cover

 

[a s touching the Matter] our best, or most prudent skill must be very good viz. as when truly verify'd (crossed out)

 

by properly due Ex-

f  Declaration or Pronunciation of the true Providence

 

* d  And certainly, as for instance (and as I have known Experience, as well as in many other Psalms) it must afford a a fine ^f

 

At the true Providence of God to hear the Words or Lines of the 145 Psalm

 

handsomely and audibly given out by the Clark ^c and to be joinly handl'd in a Laudable becoming chearful and decent manner by the Singers &c. it may afford a Divine Contemplation as being then so much to Praise and Glory of God, the ultimate end of all:

 

Cx on the Book cover.

c [not but that the parson might do it as he pleas'd, and could do it well, but I have not heard or seen a Clark likely so to do it in London was the Parson to permit it, but I say when so] and to be jointly

x [for the pride of the Parson]

 

W ritten in the left margin vertically and crossed out;

b nay, from late Experience my son has found that Forks can be apply'd even with greater success to the Tuning of A Harpsichord or Spinet than the Monochord i.e. with much more ease, and to greater exactness than the said Monochord itself by which they are Tuned, fine Mediators indeed! but in that point they have not yet been experienced as with respect to the Tuning of

 

At A on the Book cover.

 

P age 171?:

5/5/-

Lu cy comment: This is probably the price in guineas for the sale of this manuscript. see receipt at end of this file.

 

(C rossed out at top of page) To the foregoing Page at A.

a great Matter indeed, wherein all helps to the exactness ought to be highly esteem'd, and this every Peal respectively might require a proper, or different set as with respect to pitch; but even, as notwithstanding.

 

 

To Page 156 at B this interline.

 

^Y  and whenas certainly, there cannot now amongst us be so very much occasion for Preaching as when Christ himself Preach'd [or ????? first   Instructions] and afterwards sent his Disciples like Sheep among Wolves to do the same, was it to be said that Christ taught Parsons [by Preaching] to stifle (?)

 

a^E or when St. Paul fought (as it were) with Beasts at Ephesus &c.

 

To the foregoing Page at Cx this interline

 

Cx therefore as agin, this Matter, or indispensable Performance, may at the same time be so in itself as not only to be very taking, but also very good and highly Estimable, viz. as when truly verify'd as I have known by properly due Experience and that is as by

 

 

Return to Page 160.

or with Company of good Singers [properly plac'd] in our Publick Worship, and as together with proper Qualifications in the Clark, and as then farther with suitableness of

 

b as if God Almighty wa whimsical or changeable, ^X or

 

Y Type;  for certainly, it ought not so to be taken in the least, ^b as that any misunderstanding should have arose betwixt David and Christ, and as all along to continue for so great a space or interval of Time, neither certainly, as now among us, can it be said that there is so very mush occasion.

 

E Take this interline at E at the fore end of the Book.

 

X (written in the left margin vertically)

or as that the New Testament should in effect be so design'd as quite to contradict the Old, or rather [as here chiefly meant] as that any misunderstanding

 

 

Corrections 1:

to Page 2 following at c, and that to 89.

 

c  and whenas there are but few, or as even but 2 or 3 Psalms which have such Matter contained in them, as might prehaps, tho' still have been but hardly thought to be so; but however, and as even with Praise and Thanksgiving, the Matters for the most part so happen as to be quite repugnant to

 

To Page 164 at i, this interline following.

 

i  (and the which seems so to be express'd, as never to have been design'd to have ceas'd, viz. any more than other things, or as most especially that concerning the Lord's Supper, but for some reason or other they did long ago cease; but whether it be matter of wonder or not, St. John in His Gospel speaks nothing about the continuation of wither; but still after all, as touching

 

 

g neither by what means they were to be appointed or ordain'd amd so as that some of 'em should have such vast great livings, whenas none, or one of his Apostles had any such Thing, and whenas according to Isiah the Matter was to be a Wine and Milk without Money and without Price; neither as consequently could be by any means, ever intend that

 

Written vertically in left margin:

 

a as according to Sir Isaac Newton)"

 

 

Corrections 2:

 

To the Book cover at the latter end of the book at E, the interline following.

 

E or as in other words, and as still implying amongst us, so much reason as when He desir'd that Labourers might be sent into His Vineyard, or Reapers to the Harvest, or as when St. Paul fought (as it were) with beasts at Ephesus &c. but certainly, as now otherwise, and even for the same Reason [I am far from saying in Opposition thereto] we ought for the better to make the Praising of God, and that according to David's way, the more or farther to shine; so therefore, was it to so be said that Christ taught Parsons [or Bishops] by Preaching to stifle the Psalms, viz. by not affording them their due, or as by

 

 

 

To Page 156 at f h? this interline

f  or at least no better than as imply'd in a Note above, viz. there for the Parson, at the Sound of the Organ to go a little more brisk to the Communion Table, or up to the Pulpit Hence from the whole as by way of Corollory [tho'

 

 

g To Page 110 at g this interline following

} but first as at g

} on the Book Cover

 

g consequently he could by no means ever intend that there should be so many idle Bishops &c. as the Book call'd the Apostolical Constitutions speak of: for that would be as much as to suppose that came to over-set all industry, or else to lay a very heavy Burden upon it, whenas, his Yoke was to be easy and his Burden light; neither as farther (and

 

 

Corrections 3:

 

To Page 89 this interline at b

 

b yea notwithstanding the high Exhortion thereto from the 100 Psalm, and thought proper, or as in chief to be us'd or read after the second Lesson in the Morning as well as in the overlooking what is to the Purpose as farther express'd in other Psalms; but I say as notwithstanding all which to be still on the contrary just as if a Psalm [tho' well handl'd] could bear no proportion in the least to a Sermon! whenas that (as I have said before Page 13) must be just as if the Royal Psalmist had lost all his Labour, save only so far as wherein [and as according to the mistakes of many] for the present time to suit him

^c as being even quite repugnant

 

 

To Page 156 at D, this interline following

 

D  viz. by not affording them their due, or as by not suffering them to be laudably handl'd, or even as by their not providing, viz. as far as they can for 'em so to be done by would be as much as to advance a repugnancy quite contradictory to the merit of his coming, for that would be as in other words, just as if Christ's mighty Works, as recited in the Gospel, were quite to disparage, or rather as it were to out shame or set at nought the handsomely Celebrating his other wonderful Works, or such as were done by the same Almighty Power of Old, whenas withal He

his wonderful Works of old; whenas withal, H did not so much as alter any proper design in praying "[the

 

In left Margin written vertically

c on the Book cover here

 

Corrections Page 4:

 

To Page 160 this interline following

 

F but perhaps [and as already imply'd] it may be said that there are several passages in the Psalms, or as oft times in one and the same Psalm, not seemingly to be coherent to what in its beginning is aim'd at; but the answer to which is, that the same may be said of Chapters, or Places in the Gospel, and as also of other parts of Scripture when not rightly understood; whence, the subject matter of Preaching ought to be chiefly rich(?), as that the one might be understood or perform'd as well as the other; otherwise they [the Preacher] may, or might as well not Preach at all, or they cannot be said to be sent, for if their Preaching be not coherent thereto, it must only become as a meer Ceremony, as was the case with the jews, (as above) as touching their Sacrifices, Pslam 50; but indeed, as the

but indeed, as the Hebrew of the Psalms [or the Psalms as in the hebrew] would not, or could not do with as, neither, as we do not thoroughly know how it was [ or they were] us'd, we may be somewhat at a loss; but still, or as nevertheless, how acceptable it was to God, and as with Musick thereunto adapted, we read in an especial

 

 

Receipt:

 

Harrison, John - A True and full account of the foundations of musick, as principally therein of the existance of the natural notes of maelody.

An unpublished manuscript ca 1770.

 

£5/5/- Sothuran & co. April 18 1922

 

Miscellaneous moved interlines etc:

Wh ere does this go Start?

t o Page 2 following at c, and that to 89.

 

c  and whenas there are but few, or as even but 2 or 3 Psalms which have such Matter contained in them, as might prehaps, tho' still have been but hardly thought to be so; but however, and as even with Praise and Thanksgiving, the Matters for the most part so happen as to be quite repugnant to

 

Wh ere does this go End?

 

** *****

LUCY NOTE Open strings according to Harrison are: (as may be perhaps ascertained}

6th = D

5th = G??

4th = C?

3rd = E?

2nd = A

1st = D

Needs to be checked;-)

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